Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate with RemoteRelays permission
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DeliveryInject nested #{#{EXPR}} into relay password
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ExploitBypass ungreedy cleanUpString regex
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ExecutionPayload written to Liquidsoap config
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PersistLiquidsoap interpolates and executes code
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ImpactDisclose API keys / disrupt station
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated AzuraCast account (<= 0.23.5) holding the RemoteRelays station permission for the target station; the attacker sets the remote relay password field to a nested Liquidsoap interpolation payload ( |
| Impact | This is a genuine high-priority issue for AzuraCast operators, though gated by authentication. The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H, 8.7) is internally consistent and I agree with it: network-reachable, low complexity, no user interaction, requiring only the low-privilege RemoteRelays station permission, and yielding full code execution in the Liquidsoap process (high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact). The impact triad is credible because arbitrary Liquidsoap code execution can leak internal API keys and disrupt station streaming. The mitigating signal is PR:L - this is not an unauthenticated flaw; an attacker needs a valid account holding the RemoteRelays permission on a station, which limits exposure to insiders or compromised sub-accounts in multi-tenant deployments. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no separately published weaponized exploit were provided, so there is no evidence of active exploitation; however, the GHSA advisory documents the regex-bypass mechanics and the exact nested payload ( |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who holds (or has phished/compromised) an AzuraCast account with the RemoteRelays station permission edits the remote relay password field, entering a nested Liquidsoap interpolation payload such as |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 27, 2026
Code injection in AzuraCast through 0.23.5 lets an authenticated user holding the RemoteRelays station permission inject nested Liquidsoap interpolation syntax (for example #{#{EXPR}}) into the remote relay password field, achieving arbitrary code execution inside the Liquidsoap process, disclosing internal API keys, or disrupting station operation. The root cause is an incomplete migration in ConfigWriter.php from the vulnerable cleanUpString() sanitizer to the safe toRawString() helper; a prior commit (ff49ef4) migrated host, username, mount, name, description, genre, and URL fields but left the password field behind. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and exploitation is gated by the RemoteRelays privilege (PR:L) and by the station's Liquidsoap configuration being regenerated and loaded.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to AzuraCast 0.23.6, which incorporates the fix (upstream commit d6b8422fc2c36269df9d1adec89dfbba58828915), and review the vendor advisory at https://github.com/AzuraCast/AzuraCast/security/advisories/GHSA-q4ph-8x8g-95f8 for release-specific guidance. Because exploitation requires an authenticated account with the RemoteRelays station permission, immediate compensating controls are to remove that permission from untrusted or non-administrative accounts and to audit existing remote relay password fields for suspicious nested interpolation sequences such as #{#{ and for any #{...} payloads - note that a payload only executes when the station's Liquidsoap configuration is regenerated and loaded, so scrubbing the stored password before the next configuration write prevents execution, but stale generated configuration may remain until regeneration. Restricting or disabling remote relays entirely eliminates the attack surface at the cost of losing relay functionality, while restricting permissions may break legitimate station-management workflows. Finally, rotate any internal API keys that were exposed or suspected of exposure if compromise is suspected.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 2 packages in composer, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
AzuraCast generates Liquidsoap configuration files through backend/src/Radio/Backend/Liquidsoap/ConfigWriter.php. The legacy cleanUpString() method attempts to strip Liquidsoap string interpolation using an ungreedy regex '/#{(.*)}/U', which matches the minimum characters up to the first closing brace. Nested input such as #{#{EXPR}} defeats this: the regex consumes #{#{EXPR} and replaces it with the capture group, leaving a lingering closing brace that reconstructs a valid #{EXPR} interpolation expression. Since the remote relay password is written into a Liquidsoap double-quoted string ('password = "' . $password . '"'), double-quoted Liquidsoap strings evaluate #{...} interpolation, so the reconstructed expression is executed by the Liquidsoap process. The safe toRawString() method instead emits Liquidsoap raw strings, which do not evaluate interpolation, and commit ff49ef4 migrated most user-controlled fields to it. This is a CWE-94 code injection issue (improper control of generation of code); the provided CVSS 4.0 vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) is consistent with the independent CVSS 3.1 assessment (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), both reflecting high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact for an authenticated attacker with the RemoteRelays permission.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-reachable config field, low complexity, requires only the RemoteRelays permission (PR:L) and no user interaction; arbitrary Liquidsoap code execution yields full C/I/A impact within the same process authority (S:U).
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
AzuraCast before 0.23.6 contains a code injection vulnerability in the remote relay password field due to incomplete migration from the vulnerable cleanUpString method to toRawString. Attackers with RemoteRelays station permission can inject nested Liquidsoap interpolation syntax to execute arbitrary code in the Liquidsoap process, disclose internal API keys, or disrupt station operation.
Technical POC Analysis
CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code).
Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.
Executive ViewAI
AzuraCast deployments at or below version 0.23.5 allow an authenticated user holding the RemoteRelays station permission to inject code into the Liquidsoap streaming process that powers station audio. Successful abuse could expose internal API keys and take individual stations offline, and because the permission is granted per-station, the exposure scales with every station on an affected instance whose users are over-provisioned. Leadership should treat this as a high-priority control gap rather than an active incident: no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no vendor-released patch is available, making permission hygiene the primary near-term defense.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: revoke or tightly restrict the RemoteRelays station permission to trusted administrators, disable remote relay functionality where not required, rotate internal API keys and Liquidsoap-adjacent credentials, audit Liquidsoap configuration files and process logs for nested #{ interpolation, and filter such payloads at the reverse proxy or WAF layer.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
Related Vulnerabilities in AzuraCast SSRF, Injection, and Access Control Flaws
View all 11Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts in GitHub repository azuracast/azuracast prior to 0.18.3. Rate
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in GitHub repository azuracast/azuracast prior to 0.18. Rated medium severity (CVSS
Remote code execution in AzuraCast ≤0.23.8 is reachable by any authenticated station manager due to a serialization grou
Unauthenticated HTTP requests to AzuraCast 0.23.1's internal sftpgo integration endpoints (/api/internal/sftp-auth and /
EUVD-2026-87821
GHSA-mvfp-2r94-2mw9
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB