EUVD-2026-62603Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Spec can be remote (AV:N) and payload is simple (AC:L, PR:N), but a developer/CI must consume the spec and import output (UI:R); generated code runs in a different context than the tool (S:C) with full code execution (C/I/A:H).
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
AnalysisAI
Arbitrary code execution in Orval (OpenAPI/Swagger TypeScript client generator) before 8.21.0 lets an attacker who controls an OpenAPI v3 or Swagger v2 specification inject JavaScript that runs when the generated zod schema module is imported. A ${...} template expression or backtick placed in an array item's default value is emitted verbatim into a module-level template literal by formatDefaultValue in packages/zod/src/index.ts, so importing the generated code executes attacker payloads in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires that the victim run Orval (< 8.21.0) against an attacker-influenced OpenAPI v3 or Swagger v2 specification AND then import/execute the generated zod schema module - the payload lies dormant until import. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) scores 9.3 and implies trivial remote unauthenticated exploitation, but the real-world precondition is that a victim runs Orval against an attacker-controlled OpenAPI/Swagger spec and then imports or executes the generated module - this is a supply-chain / malicious-input pattern rather than a directly network-reachable service bug, so the vendor's UI:N is arguably optimistic (a developer or CI pipeline must consume the spec and build/import the output). … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker publishes an OpenAPI spec (or compromises one a target consumes) containing an array item default such as `+require('child_process').execSync('id')+`, matching the payload shape in the vendor's own fix tests. A developer or CI pipeline runs Orval to generate the zod client; the malicious string is emitted into a module-level template literal, and the moment the generated schema module is imported during build, test, or runtime, the attacker's JavaScript executes with the process's privileges. … |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patch: upgrade Orval to 8.21.0 or later, which escapes untrusted spec-sourced strings via a jsStringLiteralEscape/jsesc helper before emitting them into generated JavaScript (fix commit 8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6, PR https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692, advisory https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g). … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, inventory all projects using Orval and verify current versions against specification repositories for signs of tampering, prioritizing CI/CD configurations. …
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Same weakness CWE-94 – Code Injection
View allSame technique Code Injection
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today