Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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ReconAuthenticate with low-privilege account
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DeliveryConstruct non-Control-UI client request
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ExploitDeclare operator.admin scopes in auth context
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InstallSubmit through trusted-proxy path
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C2Exploit incomplete scope clearing
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ExecuteEscalate to full admin privileges
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ImpactExecute admin-only operations
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization logic validation
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires OpenClaw deployment with trusted-proxy authentication mode specifically enabled - this is a non-default configuration chosen when integrating with reverse proxies for SSO or centralized authentication. Attacker must possess existing low-privilege authenticated credentials (PR:L) to the OpenClaw instance. Attack succeeds when requests are submitted from non-Control-UI clients (any client interface outside the designated Control-UI path) that can declare operator scopes in authentication context. Default OpenClaw installations using native authentication are not vulnerable. The AT:P (Attack Technique Present) indicator suggests exploitation requires specific knowledge of the trusted-proxy authentication flow and scope declaration mechanisms, limiting casual exploitation but not preventing determined attackers with system familiarity. |
| Impact | CVSS 7.7 (High) reflects network-accessible attack with low complexity requiring only low privileges (PR:L) and no user interaction. The CVSS vector shows high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) with no scope change (SC:N), indicating complete compromise of the vulnerable component. Attack Technique Present (AT:P) suggests specific conditions must exist. No EPSS score provided, but the combination of publicly available patch commit (GitHub 8b88b927), detailed vendor security advisory (GHSA-g374-mggx-p6xc), and VulnCheck coverage indicates high attacker awareness. Not present in CISA KEV, suggesting targeted rather than widespread exploitation. Real-world risk is MODERATE-TO-HIGH for organizations using OpenClaw's trusted-proxy authentication mode - the attack requires authenticated access (PR:L) but delivers full admin privileges, making this a high-value target for insider threats or compromised low-privilege accounts. Organizations NOT using trusted-proxy mode are unaffected. Priority should be HIGH for environments with this specific configuration, MEDIUM otherwise. The public patch commit provides attackers a precise exploitation roadmap, increasing urgency despite no confirmed in-the-wild activity. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker with low-privileged authenticated access to an OpenClaw instance configured with trusted-proxy authentication creates a non-Control-UI client and embeds operator.admin scope declarations in authentication requests. When OpenClaw processes these requests through identity-bearing authentication paths, the incomplete scope-clearing logic fails to sanitize the self-declared scopes, allowing them to persist and grant full administrative privileges. The attacker can then access admin-only functions, modify system configurations, or access sensitive data across the entire OpenClaw deployment. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Apr 28, 2026
Privilege escalation in OpenClaw's trusted-proxy authentication mode allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain operator.admin privileges by declaring operator scopes on non-Control-UI clients. The incomplete scope-clearing mechanism fails to sanitize self-declared scopes when identity-bearing authentication paths process requests, enabling attackers to bypass authorization checks and achieve full administrative access. Vendor patch available via commit 8b88b927 in version 2026.3.31; no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) but publicly disclosed with detailed GitHub security advisory increasing attack feasibility.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to OpenClaw version 2026.3.31 or later, which contains the complete fix implemented in commit 8b88b927cb0747ad24d95b07d35682bf85dc5b0e (https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8b88b927cb0747ad24d95b07d35682bf85dc5b0e). Organizations unable to immediately upgrade should disable trusted-proxy authentication mode and migrate to native authentication mechanisms, though this requires reconfiguring authentication flows and may impact SSO integrations. As a temporary mitigation, implement strict network segmentation to limit access to OpenClaw's authentication endpoints to only trusted proxy sources, though this does not prevent exploitation by authenticated insiders. Review audit logs for suspicious operator.admin privilege usage or scope declaration patterns from non-Control-UI clients, focusing on authentication events showing privilege escalation without corresponding Control-UI session context. Do not rely solely on downstream authorization checks, as the vulnerability compromises the core authorization model.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in npm
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability affects the trusted-proxy authentication architecture in OpenClaw, where the application delegates authentication to an upstream proxy or reverse proxy server. The root cause is CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization), specifically an incomplete implementation of scope validation during authentication context transitions. In trusted-proxy mode, OpenClaw receives authenticated identity claims from the proxy but fails to properly sanitize or validate operator scope declarations when processing requests from clients that are not part of the Control-UI interface. The incomplete scope-clearing allows attacker-controlled scope assertions to persist across authentication boundaries, bypassing the intended privilege separation model. This represents a critical failure in the security boundary between the trusted proxy layer and the application's authorization logic, where scope inheritance or propagation mechanisms do not properly distinguish between trusted Control-UI assertions and untrusted client-originated scope claims.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains an incomplete scope-clearing vulnerability in trusted-proxy authentication mode that allows operator.admin privilege escalation. Attackers can exploit this by declaring operator scopes on non-Control-UI clients, allowing self-declared scopes to persist on identity-bearing authentication paths and escalate privileges.
Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 1 npm packages depend on openclaw (1 direct, 0 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 2026.3.31.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-41404 is a privilege escalation vulnerability in OpenClaw's trusted-proxy authentication that allows authenticated users to escalate from low-privilege accounts to full administrative access by manipulating scope declarations. This directly threatens administrative control of OpenClaw deployments and could enable unauthorized users to modify critical configurations, access sensitive data, or disrupt operations. Organizations running OpenClaw in trusted-proxy mode should prioritize immediate patching to prevent unauthorized administrative takeover.
Apply vendor patch. Pending patch deployment: (1) restrict trusted-proxy authentication to least-privilege service accounts only; (2) implement network segmentation to limit which systems can reach OpenClaw's identity-bearing authentication paths; (3) enable detailed audit logging on administrative scope changes and privilege escalation attempts; (4) disable non-Control-UI client access to trusted-proxy authentication until patched.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
Auth bypass in OpenClaw voice-call extension before 2026.2.1. EPSS 0.68%. PoC and patch available.
Privilege escalation in OpenClaw (pre-2026.3.28) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to gain administrative access b
OpenClaw versions 2026.2.22 through 2026.2.24 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated att
An authorization mismatch vulnerability in OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 allows authenticated users with operator.
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.1.29 automatically establish WebSocket connections to attacker-controlled gateway URLs e
Path traversal in OpenClaw through version 2026.3.23 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files in
Authentication bypass in OpenClaw before 2026.5.3 allows remote attackers with low privileges to receive agent responses
Directory-context bypass in OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 allows authenticated attackers with user interaction to reuse an 'a
Unauthenticated access to the noVNC observer interface in OpenClaw's Docker sandbox browser allows anyone who can reach
OpenClaw versions before 2026.2.26 allow authenticated attackers to write arbitrary files outside the workspace director
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain a shell environment variable injection vulnerability in the system.run func
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain a resource exhaustion vulnerability where the application fails to consiste
EUVD-2026-26111
GHSA-g374-mggx-p6xc
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB