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Coder EUVDEUVD-2026-112392

| CVE-2026-118687 HIGH
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') (CWE-441)
2026-10-28 disclosure@vulncheck.com GHSA-j9wc-wg7r-6rm3
8.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: vulncheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain leaked unexpired format=full GCE identity token
  2. Delivery
    Replay token to google-instance-identity endpoint
  3. Exploit
    Endpoint skips audience (aud) validation
  4. Execution
    Receive workspace agent session token
  5. Impact
    Impersonate agent until next workspace build

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service Proxy/intermediary controls
Exploitation Conditions

Only deployments running workspaces on Google Compute Engine that use GCP instance-identity authentication for agents (auth mode other than token) are affected. The attacker must already possess a genuine, unexpired GCE identity token that uses format=full and was minted for a different audience/relying party, sourced from a VM that backs an agent on that workspace's latest build. Limiting factors: tokens cannot be forged because Google's signature and expiry are still verified; the identity token's lifetime is roughly one hour, so the window to replay is short; impact is scoped to a single workspace agent's session token (valid only until the next workspace build); and deployments using format=standard tokens for third-party services or token authentication are not exploitable.

Impact

This is a credible but conditional authentication-bypass (confused-deputy, CWE-441) in Coder's GCP instance-identity agent endpoint, confirmed by the vendor GHSA-24vh-q7rg-243w advisory and the VulnCheck advisory. The supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (8.3/High) reads AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N with VC:H/VI:L - network-reachable, no privileges or user interaction, but carrying an explicit Attack Requirement (AT:P) that mirrors the real prerequisite: the attacker must first obtain a genuine, unexpired format=full GCE identity token minted for another relying party. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_week', consistent with a serious issue that is not an active-exploitation emergency. No CISA KEV listing and no EPSS score are present in the input, and no public exploit code is referenced (the two references are vendor/coordinator advisories, not PoC); so there is no confirmed active exploitation. The gating factor is token acquisition, not endpoint access - the endpoint still verifies Google's signature and expiry, so tokens cannot be forged, and the vendor states impact is limited to a single agent's credential. Net: a real, prioritize-this-week issue for the specific affected configuration rather than a mass-exploitable internet-wide threat; the AT:P/token-leak dependency meaningfully lowers real-world likelihood versus the raw score.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker obtains a valid, unexpired format=full GCE instance-identity token that was minted for a different relying party - for example from VM logs, a proxy, or a third-party service that legitimately receives such tokens - from a VM backing a Coder agent on its workspace's latest build. They replay that token to POST /api/v2/workspaceagents/google-instance-identity, and because the endpoint never checks the audience (aud) claim, it returns that workspace agent's session token, which stays valid until the workspace's next build (well beyond the token's ~1-hour life). No public exploit code is identified in the provided data.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 28, 2026

Coder deployments that run workspace agents on Google Compute Engine with GCP instance-identity authentication accept replayed GCE identity tokens because the POST /api/v2/workspaceagents/google-instance-identity endpoint never validated the token's audience claim, allowing an attacker holding an unexpired format=full token minted for a different relying party to exchange it for that workspace agent's session token. The resulting agent token stays valid until the workspace's next build, well past the identity token's roughly one-hour lifetime. Affected releases are those before 2.29.21 and the 2.30.0-2.34.11, 2.35.0-2.35.8, 2.36.0-2.36.6 and 2.37.0-2.37.3 ranges, fixed in 2.38.0 and the listed backports; the flaw is unauthenticated per the supplied vector (PR:N) but conditional, since the attacker must already possess a genuine, unexpired token from a VM backing an agent on the workspace's latest build, and no public exploit was identified at time of analysis. The vendor advisory credits independent reports from a customer security team and an external researcher.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade to 2.38.0, or to the backport matching your branch - 2.37.4, 2.36.7, 2.35.9, 2.34.12 or 2.29.21 - which makes the endpoint require the GCP identity token's aud claim to equal 'coder' and reject other audiences with 401 Unauthorized (fix in PR #29765, described in https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisories/GHSA-24vh-q7rg-243w). The standard Coder agent already requests audience=coder, so no agent change is needed; custom clients that request a different audience must be updated to request audience=coder or they will stop authenticating. If upgrading is not immediately possible, the vendor's documented workarounds are to switch affected templates to token authentication (auth = "token") and then restart workspaces so new agent tokens are issued - noting this abandons GCP instance identity for those templates - and to stop logging or forwarding GCE identity tokens from workspace VMs, using format=standard tokens for third-party services since those cannot be exchanged at this endpoint. Agents whose session tokens may already have been replayed remain valid until the workspace's next build, so restarting affected workspaces is required to invalidate them.

Affected VersionsENISA

coder 0 <2.29.21
coder 2.36.0 <2.36.7
coder 2.30.0 <2.34.12
coder 2.35.0 <2.35.9
coder 2.37.0 <2.37.4

Affected Packages

euvd coder fix: 2.29.21, 2.34.12, 2.35.9, 2.36.7, 2.37.4

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-441 (confused deputy) applies here: GCP Compute Engine instance-identity tokens are signed JWTs whose 'aud' claim binds the token to its intended relying party, and Coder's agent authentication endpoint verified Google's signature and expiry but skipped that binding check. Because signature and expiry were still enforced, tokens cannot be forged - the weakness is replay of a legitimately minted token presented to the wrong verifier. The exposure is further narrowed by GCP token properties: only format=full identity tokens are accepted by the endpoint, and only tokens originating from a VM that backs an agent on the workspace's current build can be exchanged for that agent's session token; format=standard tokens, which are intended for third-party services, cannot be exchanged this way. The fix in PR #29765 requires the 'aud' claim to equal 'coder' and returns 401 Unauthorized for any other audience, which is transparent to the standard Coder agent because it already requests that audience; custom clients that request a different audience must be updated. The vulnerable code lives in the Go module go/github.com/coder/coder/v2. The trigger conditions beyond the missing audience comparison are not described in the available sources.

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Severity by source

Vendor (vulncheck) PRIMARY 8.3 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

AC:H because the attacker must first obtain a valid, unexpired format=full identity token minted for another party; PR:N/UI:N as the endpoint itself needs no auth; C:H from agent session-token theft, I:L, A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (vulncheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: vulncheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 28, 2026 - 20:04 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 28, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
HIGH 8.3

DescriptionCVE.org

Coder before 2.29.21, 2.30.0 before 2.34.12, 2.35.0 before 2.35.9, 2.36.0 before 2.36.7, and 2.37.0 before 2.37.4 does not validate the audience claim of GCE instance-identity JWTs at the POST /api/v2/workspaceagents/google-instance-identity endpoint. Attackers who obtain an unexpired format=full identity token minted for another relying party can replay it to obtain that workspace agent's session token, which remains valid until the workspace's next build.

Technical POC Analysis

Evidence caveat: the only supplied artefact is advisory GHSA-24vh-q7rg-243w.

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Coder workspace deployments on Google Compute Engine are exposed to a token replay vulnerability that could allow an attacker to impersonate a workspace agent and persist access until the next workspace build. Security leadership should prioritize remediation for internet-facing Coder instances, as unauthorized access to development environments could lead to code or data compromise.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. As interim mitigation, restrict network access to the vulnerable endpoint to only trusted source IPs (e.g., GCE instances), shorten the lifetime of workspace agent tokens by increasing rebuild frequency, and monitor for anomalous token exchange requests. Additionally, enforce least privilege on workspace agents and isolate affected workspaces until patched.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Low
self-hosted developer workspace platform, niche enterprise footprint
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

42
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +42
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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