EUVD-2025-201307Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Network-reachable CLI (AV:N, AC:L) but privileged authentication required (PR:H); full CIA impact confined to the appliance itself with no scope change.
Primary rating from Vendor (5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3).
CVSS VectorVendor: 5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3
Lifecycle Timeline
5DescriptionCVE.org
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS’s certificate request command could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via specially crafted CLI commands.This vulnerability affects Fireware OS 12.0 up to and including 12.11.4, 12.5 up to and including 12.5.13, and 2025.1 up to and including 2025.1.2.
AnalysisAI
Out-of-bounds write in WatchGuard Fireware OS's certificate request CLI command enables arbitrary code execution on affected network security appliances. The flaw affects three distinct version branches - Fireware OS 12.0 through 12.11.4, 12.5 through 12.5.13, and 2025.1 through 2025.1.2 - and requires a privileged, authenticated session to trigger. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified; EPSS of 0.11% (30th percentile) reflects low current exploitation probability, but the high-confidence RCE impact on a network security appliance warrants prompt patching for affected organizations.
Technical ContextAI
Fireware OS is WatchGuard's proprietary operating system running on its line of network security appliances (firewalls, UTM devices), identified under CPE cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware. The vulnerability resides in the certificate request command handler within the Fireware CLI subsystem. CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write) indicates the CLI parser writes attacker-controlled data beyond the bounds of an allocated memory buffer when processing specially crafted certificate request arguments, corrupting adjacent memory. This class of vulnerability - buffer overflow leading to memory corruption - is commonly leveraged to overwrite function pointers, return addresses, or control-flow metadata, ultimately enabling arbitrary code execution at the privilege level of the affected process. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/PR:H) confirms the CLI is reachable over the network, consistent with WatchGuard appliances exposing a management interface remotely.
RemediationAI
Patch available per vendor advisory - consult the WatchGuard PSIRT advisory at https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2025-00017 for exact fixed versions across the 12.0.x, 12.5.x, and 2025.1.x branches, as the specific patched release numbers were not confirmed in the available input data. As a compensating control while patching is underway, restrict CLI access to the Fireware management interface to trusted administrative hosts only using management ACLs or firewall policy rules - this reduces the attack surface to only those with both valid privileged credentials and network-level management access. Additionally, enforce multi-factor authentication for administrative accounts and audit privileged CLI sessions via logging. Disabling remote CLI access entirely and requiring console-only administrative access eliminates network-based exploitation entirely, though this may impact operational convenience for distributed teams.
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Same weakness CWE-787 – Out-of-bounds Write
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External POC / Exploit Code
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