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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify restricted page using {{referrer_url}} smart tag
  2. Delivery
    Send HTTP request with shortcode payload in Referer header
  3. Exploit
    Bypass sanitize_text_field (delimiters survive)
  4. Execution
    do_shortcode() executes injected shortcode
  5. Impact
    Arbitrary registered shortcode runs server-side

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the site to run the User Registration & Membership plugin (versions up to 5.2.8) with the Content Restriction module enabled AND a restricted page whose restriction message is configured to use the {{referrer_url}} smart tag - this specific, non-default configuration is what reaches the vulnerable referrer_url branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process(). The attacker then only needs to supply a crafted HTTP Referer header containing shortcode delimiters; per the description no authentication or user interaction is required. Limiting factors: impact is bounded to shortcodes actually registered/active on the target site, and any site not using the {{referrer_url}} smart tag within a restriction message is not exploitable regardless of plugin version.

Impact

Signals are mixed and one is internally inconsistent. The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/C:H/I:H, 8.1 HIGH) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw, but the description explicitly states 'unauthenticated attackers' and the attack vector is the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header - which requires no login. This is a direct conflict: the Wordfence/NVD vector carries PR:L while the technical description implies PR:N - verify with vendor. Treating it as unauthenticated (consistent with the description) raises real-world severity toward critical. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit referenced, so exploitation status is: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Crucially, exploitation is gated by a non-default configuration - the targeted restricted page's Content Restriction message must embed the {{referrer_url}} smart tag - so the blast radius is limited to sites using that specific feature, and actual impact depends on which shortcodes are registered on the site. This is a genuine priority for WordPress sites running this plugin's content-restriction module with the referrer smart tag, but the config dependency makes exploitation targeted rather than universal, tempering the raw CVSS number.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated attacker sends an HTTP request to a content-restricted page whose restriction message uses the {{referrer_url}} smart tag, setting the Referer header to a value containing WordPress shortcode delimiters (e.g. a registered shortcode). Because the referrer is only passed through sanitize_text_field() - which does not strip shortcode brackets - before being run through apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(), the attacker's shortcode is executed server-side. No public proof-of-concept is referenced in the provided data.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 17, 2026

Arbitrary shortcode execution in the User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin through 5.2.8 lets unauthenticated attackers place registered shortcodes into the HTTP Referer header so they are executed when a restricted page renders a Content Restriction message containing the {{referrer_url}} smart tag. The vulnerable path is UR_Smart_Tags::process(), where sanitize_text_field() leaves shortcode delimiters intact before the message is passed to apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(); impact is bounded to shortcodes registered on the target site. Exploitation requires the non-default Content Restriction configuration described above; no public exploit was identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV confirmation was provided, and no EPSS score was supplied.

RemediationAI

Upstream fix available (trunk changeset); released patched version not independently confirmed. Changeset 3741339 modifies class-ur-smart-tags.php (https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3741339/user-registration/trunk/includes/class-ur-smart-tags.php), so update to the latest release containing that changeset and verify details with the Wordfence advisory (https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ec317df9-c7ef-49a3-9818-903dfe4bdd03?source=cve). If immediate update is not possible, disable the Content Restriction module or remove {{referrer_url}} from all restriction messages, which eliminates the exploitable branch but changes site behavior. As a compensating control, inspect and block Referer headers containing shortcode delimiters at a WAF or reverse proxy; this may cause false positives for legitimate referrers and does not fix the underlying code.

Affected VersionsENISA

User Registration & Membership – Free & Paid Memberships, Subscriptions, Content Restriction, User Profile, Custom User Registration & Login Builder 0 ≤5.2.8

Affected Packages

euvd user_registration_membership_free_paid_memberships_subscriptions_content_restriction_user_profile_custom_user_registration_login_builder no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-94 code injection in a WordPress plugin smart-tag processing routine. The Content Restriction module substitutes smart tags such as {{referrer_url}} into restriction messages; the referrer_url branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process() (class-ur-smart-tags.php lines 474-475 in 5.2.8) takes the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header and applies only sanitize_text_field(), which does not remove WordPress shortcode brackets. The resulting message is executed through apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode() (referenced in class-urcr-frontend.php line 1383 and functions-urcr-core.php line 693), so an attacker can invoke any shortcode registered on the site. The supplied CPE is wpeverest's User Registration & Membership plugin with a wildcard version. Risk signals are mixed and one is internally inconsistent: the source CVSS vector lists PR:L, while the description and independent assessment support PR:N (unauthenticated); the decisive precondition is the site using Content Restriction with {{referrer_url}} in a restriction message, which limits exposure.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (Wordfence) PRIMARY HIGH
NVD 8.1 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 9.1 CRITICAL

Attacker controls the unauthenticated HTTP_REFERER header, so PR:N (diverging from input PR:L); AC:L for the request itself; C:H/I:H as registered shortcodes can read or alter data, A:N as no availability impact is indicated.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

The User Registration & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary Shortcode Execution in versions up to, and including, 5.2.8 This is due to insufficient input sanitization in the 'referrer_url' branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process(), where the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header is only passed through sanitize_text_field() - which does not strip WordPress shortcode delimiters - before being substituted into a Content Restriction message that is subsequently executed via apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary registered shortcodes on any restricted page whose message uses the supported {{referrer_url}} smart tag.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

The User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin, in versions through 5.2.8, allows an attacker to smuggle shortcode content through the HTTP Referer header into a Content Restriction message so the site executes any shortcode it has registered. Exposure is confined to sites that have enabled Content Restriction messages containing the {{referrer_url}} smart tag, so the realistic blast radius is a configured subset of installations rather than the entire WordPress estate. Because no vendor fix is available, leadership should treat this as a configuration-hardening and patch-tracking item with interim controls, not an emergency outage.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: remove or avoid the {{referrer_url}} smart tag in Content Restriction messages, or disable the Content Restriction feature if the tag is operationally required; block Referer headers containing shortcode delimiters at the WAF or reverse proxy; restrict plugin settings access to a named administrative group; audit registered shortcodes for sensitive behaviour; and monitor the vendor advisory for a release above 5.2.8.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Medium
common WPEverest WordPress membership plugin, widely but not universally deployed
Social Media
2
Sightings
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Medium

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +40
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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