Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessIdentify restricted page using {{referrer_url}} smart tag
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DeliverySend HTTP request with shortcode payload in Referer header
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ExploitBypass sanitize_text_field (delimiters survive)
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Executiondo_shortcode() executes injected shortcode
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ImpactArbitrary registered shortcode runs server-side
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the site to run the User Registration & Membership plugin (versions up to 5.2.8) with the Content Restriction module enabled AND a restricted page whose restriction message is configured to use the {{referrer_url}} smart tag - this specific, non-default configuration is what reaches the vulnerable referrer_url branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process(). The attacker then only needs to supply a crafted HTTP Referer header containing shortcode delimiters; per the description no authentication or user interaction is required. Limiting factors: impact is bounded to shortcodes actually registered/active on the target site, and any site not using the {{referrer_url}} smart tag within a restriction message is not exploitable regardless of plugin version. |
| Impact | Signals are mixed and one is internally inconsistent. The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/C:H/I:H, 8.1 HIGH) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw, but the description explicitly states 'unauthenticated attackers' and the attack vector is the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header - which requires no login. This is a direct conflict: the Wordfence/NVD vector carries PR:L while the technical description implies PR:N - verify with vendor. Treating it as unauthenticated (consistent with the description) raises real-world severity toward critical. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit referenced, so exploitation status is: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Crucially, exploitation is gated by a non-default configuration - the targeted restricted page's Content Restriction message must embed the {{referrer_url}} smart tag - so the blast radius is limited to sites using that specific feature, and actual impact depends on which shortcodes are registered on the site. This is a genuine priority for WordPress sites running this plugin's content-restriction module with the referrer smart tag, but the config dependency makes exploitation targeted rather than universal, tempering the raw CVSS number. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An unauthenticated attacker sends an HTTP request to a content-restricted page whose restriction message uses the {{referrer_url}} smart tag, setting the Referer header to a value containing WordPress shortcode delimiters (e.g. a registered shortcode). Because the referrer is only passed through sanitize_text_field() - which does not strip shortcode brackets - before being run through apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(), the attacker's shortcode is executed server-side. No public proof-of-concept is referenced in the provided data. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 17, 2026
Arbitrary shortcode execution in the User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin through 5.2.8 lets unauthenticated attackers place registered shortcodes into the HTTP Referer header so they are executed when a restricted page renders a Content Restriction message containing the {{referrer_url}} smart tag. The vulnerable path is UR_Smart_Tags::process(), where sanitize_text_field() leaves shortcode delimiters intact before the message is passed to apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(); impact is bounded to shortcodes registered on the target site. Exploitation requires the non-default Content Restriction configuration described above; no public exploit was identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV confirmation was provided, and no EPSS score was supplied.
RemediationAI
Upstream fix available (trunk changeset); released patched version not independently confirmed. Changeset 3741339 modifies class-ur-smart-tags.php (https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3741339/user-registration/trunk/includes/class-ur-smart-tags.php), so update to the latest release containing that changeset and verify details with the Wordfence advisory (https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ec317df9-c7ef-49a3-9818-903dfe4bdd03?source=cve). If immediate update is not possible, disable the Content Restriction module or remove {{referrer_url}} from all restriction messages, which eliminates the exploitable branch but changes site behavior. As a compensating control, inspect and block Referer headers containing shortcode delimiters at a WAF or reverse proxy; this may cause false positives for legitimate referrers and does not fix the underlying code.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
CWE-94 code injection in a WordPress plugin smart-tag processing routine. The Content Restriction module substitutes smart tags such as {{referrer_url}} into restriction messages; the referrer_url branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process() (class-ur-smart-tags.php lines 474-475 in 5.2.8) takes the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header and applies only sanitize_text_field(), which does not remove WordPress shortcode brackets. The resulting message is executed through apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode() (referenced in class-urcr-frontend.php line 1383 and functions-urcr-core.php line 693), so an attacker can invoke any shortcode registered on the site. The supplied CPE is wpeverest's User Registration & Membership plugin with a wildcard version. Risk signals are mixed and one is internally inconsistent: the source CVSS vector lists PR:L, while the description and independent assessment support PR:N (unauthenticated); the decisive precondition is the site using Content Restriction with {{referrer_url}} in a restriction message, which limits exposure.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Attacker controls the unauthenticated HTTP_REFERER header, so PR:N (diverging from input PR:L); AC:L for the request itself; C:H/I:H as registered shortcodes can read or alter data, A:N as no availability impact is indicated.
Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).
CVSS VectorNVD
DescriptionNVD
The User Registration & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary Shortcode Execution in versions up to, and including, 5.2.8 This is due to insufficient input sanitization in the 'referrer_url' branch of UR_Smart_Tags::process(), where the attacker-controlled HTTP_REFERER header is only passed through sanitize_text_field() - which does not strip WordPress shortcode delimiters - before being substituted into a Content Restriction message that is subsequently executed via apply_shortcodes()/do_shortcode(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary registered shortcodes on any restricted page whose message uses the supported {{referrer_url}} smart tag.
Executive ViewAI
The User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin, in versions through 5.2.8, allows an attacker to smuggle shortcode content through the HTTP Referer header into a Content Restriction message so the site executes any shortcode it has registered. Exposure is confined to sites that have enabled Content Restriction messages containing the {{referrer_url}} smart tag, so the realistic blast radius is a configured subset of installations rather than the entire WordPress estate. Because no vendor fix is available, leadership should treat this as a configuration-hardening and patch-tracking item with interim controls, not an emergency outage.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: remove or avoid the {{referrer_url}} smart tag in Content Restriction messages, or disable the Content Restriction feature if the tag is operationally required; block Referer headers containing shortcode delimiters at the WAF or reverse proxy; restrict plugin settings access to a named administrative group; audit registered shortcodes for sensitive behaviour; and monitor the vendor advisory for a release above 5.2.8.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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