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libconfini CVE-2026-88370

| EUVDEUVD-2026-86269 MEDIUM
Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122)
2026-09-24 mitre GHSA-hqrg-m4c7-p48x
5.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: mitre
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Supply non-empty INI to vulnerable app
  2. Delivery
    Bundled helper allocates exactly ini_length bytes
  3. Exploit
    strip_ini_cache() writes NUL at ini_source[ini_length]
  4. Execution
    One-byte heap out-of-bounds write
  5. Impact
    Heap corruption crashes process (DoS)

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Heap buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires an application that uses libconfini 1.16.4's BUNDLED load_ini_buffer.h allocation pattern (allocating exactly ini_length bytes) and then calls strip_ini_cache(), which unconditionally writes a NUL terminator at ini_source[ini_length]. Given that pattern, ANY non-empty INI input deterministically triggers the one-byte heap out-of-bounds write. Limiting factors: applications that allocate ini_length+1 bytes (as the library's own guidance/core usage would) are NOT affected; the impact is a single-byte NUL overwrite (crash/DoS only, no code execution demonstrated); and network reachability (AV:N) depends on whether the host application actually accepts attacker-controlled INI remotely - many libconfini uses are local configuration parsing.

Impact

This is a low-priority availability issue with signals broadly aligned toward low real-world risk. The CVSS 3.1 vector (5.3, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) reflects a pure availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity loss, and EPSS agrees at 0.15% (3rd percentile) - negligible predicted exploitation. There is no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code, only a GitHub issue report (madmurphy/libconfini #20); no SSVC decision data was provided. The most important nuance the raw score hides: the flaw is a deterministic one-byte NUL overwrite in the BUNDLED load_ini_buffer.h helper, not in the core parser - it only fires in applications that copy that specific under-allocation pattern (exactly ini_length bytes), so callers who size their buffers with the extra terminator byte are unaffected. Data conflict to verify: CVSS marks AV:N/PR:N/UI:N, but libconfini typically parses local configuration files, which would imply AV:L and no network exposure unless the application ingests attacker-supplied INI over the network - verify against the actual application's input path. A single-byte NUL write is also hard to escalate beyond a crash, consistent with A:L only.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An application built on libconfini 1.16.4 that reuses the bundled load_ini_buffer.h allocation pattern reads a non-empty INI document (e.g., an uploaded or user-supplied config); strip_ini_cache() writes a NUL one byte past the heap allocation, corrupting adjacent heap metadata and crashing the process. Exploitation is deterministic on any non-empty input but yields only denial of service; no public exploit code exists at time of analysis.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 25, 2026

Heap out-of-bounds write in libconfini 1.16.4 causes deterministic denial of service in applications that follow the library's bundled load_ini_buffer.h allocation pattern, which sizes the INI buffer to exactly ini_length bytes while strip_ini_cache() unconditionally writes a NUL terminator at ini_source[ini_length]. Any non-empty INI input is sufficient to trigger the resulting single-byte heap corruption, so exploitation requires no special payload or timing. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L, 5.3) frames the issue as unauthenticated and remotely reachable, but real-world network exposure depends entirely on whether the host application actually parses attacker-supplied INI content; no public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, there is no CISA KEV entry, and EPSS is only 0.15% (3rd percentile), supporting a low-priority availability assessment with no demonstrated code execution.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so the immediate fix is to correct the allocation contract on the caller side: allocate ini_length+1 bytes (or otherwise ensure at least one writable byte beyond the parsed content) before invoking strip_ini_cache(), which eliminates the out-of-bounds NUL write with negligible memory overhead. If the buffer originates from a fixed, mmap'd, or otherwise non-extensible region, copy it into a heap allocation one byte larger rather than parsing in place, accepting the minor additional copy cost. Applications that cannot change the allocation path should avoid calling strip_ini_cache() on exactly sized buffers and instead use the library's own core buffering path, though this may drop the normalization behavior the function provides. Because the trigger is any non-empty INI input, input validation or size filtering is not an effective workaround; the practical hardening is to limit which callers can supply INI content and to keep remote/untrusted configuration uploads off endpoints that use the bundled helper. Track https://github.com/madmurphy/libconfini/issues/20 for an upstream fix and the NVD entry at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88370 for updated patch and version status, since no exact fixed release version is confirmed in the available data.

Affected VersionsENISA

n/a n/a

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

libconfini is a small C library for parsing INI configuration files, and strip_ini_cache() is one of its formatting/normalization routines that rewrites a cached INI buffer in place, including terminating the resulting string with a NUL byte. The flaw is a classic off-by-one heap overflow (CWE-122): the bundled example/helper header load_ini_buffer.h allocates a heap buffer of exactly ini_length bytes for the raw INI data, but strip_ini_cache() assumes the contract that the caller has reserved one additional writable byte for the terminator and writes to ini_source[ini_length] unconditionally. Because the write is a single NUL byte placed one past the allocation, consequences are limited to heap metadata/adjacent-object corruption that manifests as a crash (availability impact only); no controlled data write or code execution primitive has been demonstrated. The root cause is a mismatch between the helper's allocation size and the function's documented/actual requirement, meaning applications that allocate ini_length+1 bytes - as the library's own core usage and guidance do - are not affected. The supplied CPE string cpe:2.3:a:n/a:n/a is a placeholder with no vendor or product precision, and EUVD likewise lists no structured version data, so product and version identification here rests on the description and the upstream GitHub issue (#20).

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Severity by source

Vendor (mitre) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Deterministic single-byte NUL overflow needs no privileges or interaction and yields crash-only impact (A:L); AV:N kept per NVD but is arguably AV:L since INI input is often local config.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (mitre).

CVSS VectorVendor: mitre

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low

Lifecycle Timeline

2
CVSS changed
Sep 25, 2026 - 16:37 NVD
5.3 (MEDIUM)
CVE Published
Sep 24, 2026 - 00:00 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

libconfini 1.16.4 contains a heap out-of-bounds write condition involving the bundled load_ini_buffer.h utility and strip_ini_cache(). The bundled utility allocates exactly ini_length bytes, while strip_ini_cache() unconditionally writes a NUL terminator at ini_source[ini_length], requiring an additional writable byte. Applications using the bundled allocation pattern can trigger deterministic heap memory corruption when processing any non-empty INI input, resulting in denial of service.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 97% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche C INI-parsing library; flaw is in a bundled helper, not core
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A heap overflow occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a buffer allocated in the heap memory region.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate

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