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Plesk CVE-2026-87898

| EUVDEUVD-2026-85618 CRITICAL
OS Command Injection (CWE-78)
2026-09-23 support@hackerone.com GHSA-q589-mpmp-9796
9.4
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: hackerone
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate with low-privilege Plesk account
  2. Delivery
    Submit crafted input to vulnerable panel function
  3. Exploit
    Inject OS command via unsanitized parameter
  4. Execution
    Command executes as root
  5. Impact
    Full host and multi-tenant compromise

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a valid authenticated Plesk session at low privilege (PR:L) - any customer-, reseller-, or subscription-level account suffices; the attacker then reaches a panel function that passes attacker input into an OS command. It is remotely reachable over the network with low complexity and no user interaction, but the authentication requirement is the primary limiting factor: fully anonymous exploitation is not indicated. The specific vulnerable feature/endpoint and the affected Plesk versions are not stated in the available data and must be confirmed against the vendor advisory to scope which deployments are exposed.

Impact

This is a genuine high-priority vulnerability, not a paper-tiger high-CVSS. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N with VC:H/VI:H/VA:H and subsequent-system SC:H/SI:H/SA:H, base 9.4) describes network-reachable, low-complexity OS command injection that requires only low-privilege authentication and yields arbitrary code execution as root - the SC/SI/SA:H metrics reflect that the injected commands escape the panel's privilege boundary to fully control the host OS. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' and there is no evidence of active exploitation; the risk here is driven by impact and low barrier rather than by observed in-the-wild activity. The one signal that tempers urgency is PR:L: an attacker needs a valid Plesk login (any tenant/reseller/customer-level account), so this is realistically a privilege-escalation and multi-tenant-breakout risk rather than a fully anonymous internet worm. The single reference is a Plesk support article whose contents were not retrievable, so affected versions and the exact vulnerable feature could not be confirmed from the input - verify with the vendor advisory before scoping remediation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who holds or phishes any low-privilege Plesk account (e.g., a shared-hosting customer or reseller login) submits crafted input to a panel function that passes it unsanitized to an OS command, breaking out to run arbitrary commands as root. This yields full host takeover and compromise of every other tenant on the server. No public proof-of-concept was provided, but the low attack complexity makes weaponization straightforward once the vulnerable endpoint is known.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.9% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026

OS command injection in Plesk allows any authenticated low-privilege panel account - customer, reseller, or subscription level - to run arbitrary operating-system commands with root privileges, turning what is normally a tightly scoped hosting login into full control of the managed server. The flaw is remotely reachable over the network at low complexity with no user interaction (CVSS 4.0 base 9.4; independently assessed as CVSS 3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), and the scope change plus high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact reflect a complete host compromise rather than a single-tenant breach. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed as confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV), but the low bar of a single valid non-admin session keeps the practical risk high; the specific vulnerable panel function and the exact affected Plesk versions are not stated in the available data and must be confirmed against the vendor advisory.

RemediationAI

Apply the vendor fix referenced by the Plesk advisory at https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/43641151026583 - the supplied data does not state an exact patched version number, so confirm the minimum fixed build in that article and update through the Plesk Installer or the panel's built-in updater rather than by hand-editing files. Because exploitation needs only a valid low-privilege panel session, the highest-value compensating controls are access-side: restrict panel access to known administrative IP ranges or a VPN (trade-off: legitimate customers lose direct self-service access and must be routed through a bastion), enforce multi-factor authentication and strong password policy on all panel accounts, and audit/close unused customer, reseller, and subscription accounts so the number of usable PR:L footholds shrinks. If the advisory identifies the vulnerable feature, disable that module or revoke the corresponding permission from non-administrative roles until patching completes - noting that this can break the affected provisioning workflow for users. Additionally, since root-level command execution is the outcome, monitor Plesk hosts for suspicious child processes spawned by panel service accounts and for unexpected shell activity from the web user, and treat any host with a recently active low-privilege panel user as a candidate for forensic review. General network filtering does not mitigate this class of bug because the request arrives over the same HTTPS channel as normal panel traffic.

Affected VersionsENISA

Plesk extension "Site Import" 1.6.6 ≤1.12.1

Affected Packages

euvd plesk_extension_site_import no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, i.e. OS command injection): a panel-side routine takes attacker-controlled input and passes it to a shell or system call without adequate sanitization or argument escaping. Plesk is a commercial hosting control panel whose web front end (historically PHP/Perl backed) runs alongside privileged helper processes that perform administrative operations such as service management, file operations, and mail/domain provisioning; when one of those helpers accepts unescaped input from a request, the injected shell metacharacters are executed in the helper's elevated context, which is why the vendor describes the resulting code execution as root. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N, with VC/VI/VA:H and SC/SI/SA:H) confirms the network attack path, low complexity, no attack requirements, and a subsequent-system scope change, meaning the compromised panel component can affect the wider host. The independent assessment reaches the same conclusion under CVSS 3.1 (S:C with C/I/A:H), so both scoring regimes agree the weakness escalates from a single authenticated panel session to control of the underlying server. The affected CPE/version strings and the specific vulnerable endpoint are absent from the supplied data, so the precise blast radius across Plesk Obsidian and legacy Plesk releases cannot be bounded without the vendor article.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (hackerone) PRIMARY 9.4 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
vuln.today AI 9.9 CRITICAL

Network-reachable low-complexity command injection needing only a low-privilege panel login (PR:L); root execution escapes the web-app privilege boundary, so S:C with full C/I/A impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Primary rating from Vendor (hackerone).

CVSS VectorVendor: hackerone

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
High
Subsequent system: Integrity
High
Subsequent system: Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

OS command injection in Plesk allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical command-injection vulnerability in Plesk enables an authenticated low-privilege panel account to execute operating-system commands as root and take full control of the managed server. Because customer, reseller, and subscription accounts can trigger it, a single compromised or malicious hosting tenant could affect every site and data set on that server, making this a fleet-wide hosting and availability risk. Leadership should prioritize immediate containment and tenant isolation while awaiting a vendor fix.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations include restricting Plesk panel access to trusted networks/VPN, enforcing MFA and least privilege, disabling or auditing unnecessary customer/reseller/subscription accounts, monitoring for anomalous OS command execution, isolating or segmenting Plesk servers and tenants, maintaining offline backups, and preparing for emergency patch deployment; apply the vendor patch once released.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.9%
Top 41% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Plesk is a widely deployed commercial web-hosting control panel across shared/VPS hosting.
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.9%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
Very High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +47
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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