Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate with low-privilege Plesk account
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DeliverySubmit crafted input to vulnerable panel function
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ExploitInject OS command via unsanitized parameter
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ExecutionCommand executes as root
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ImpactFull host and multi-tenant compromise
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires a valid authenticated Plesk session at low privilege (PR:L) - any customer-, reseller-, or subscription-level account suffices; the attacker then reaches a panel function that passes attacker input into an OS command. It is remotely reachable over the network with low complexity and no user interaction, but the authentication requirement is the primary limiting factor: fully anonymous exploitation is not indicated. The specific vulnerable feature/endpoint and the affected Plesk versions are not stated in the available data and must be confirmed against the vendor advisory to scope which deployments are exposed. |
| Impact | This is a genuine high-priority vulnerability, not a paper-tiger high-CVSS. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N with VC:H/VI:H/VA:H and subsequent-system SC:H/SI:H/SA:H, base 9.4) describes network-reachable, low-complexity OS command injection that requires only low-privilege authentication and yields arbitrary code execution as root - the SC/SI/SA:H metrics reflect that the injected commands escape the panel's privilege boundary to fully control the host OS. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' and there is no evidence of active exploitation; the risk here is driven by impact and low barrier rather than by observed in-the-wild activity. The one signal that tempers urgency is PR:L: an attacker needs a valid Plesk login (any tenant/reseller/customer-level account), so this is realistically a privilege-escalation and multi-tenant-breakout risk rather than a fully anonymous internet worm. The single reference is a Plesk support article whose contents were not retrievable, so affected versions and the exact vulnerable feature could not be confirmed from the input - verify with the vendor advisory before scoping remediation. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who holds or phishes any low-privilege Plesk account (e.g., a shared-hosting customer or reseller login) submits crafted input to a panel function that passes it unsanitized to an OS command, breaking out to run arbitrary commands as root. This yields full host takeover and compromise of every other tenant on the server. No public proof-of-concept was provided, but the low attack complexity makes weaponization straightforward once the vulnerable endpoint is known. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026
OS command injection in Plesk allows any authenticated low-privilege panel account - customer, reseller, or subscription level - to run arbitrary operating-system commands with root privileges, turning what is normally a tightly scoped hosting login into full control of the managed server. The flaw is remotely reachable over the network at low complexity with no user interaction (CVSS 4.0 base 9.4; independently assessed as CVSS 3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), and the scope change plus high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact reflect a complete host compromise rather than a single-tenant breach. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed as confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV), but the low bar of a single valid non-admin session keeps the practical risk high; the specific vulnerable panel function and the exact affected Plesk versions are not stated in the available data and must be confirmed against the vendor advisory.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor fix referenced by the Plesk advisory at https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/43641151026583 - the supplied data does not state an exact patched version number, so confirm the minimum fixed build in that article and update through the Plesk Installer or the panel's built-in updater rather than by hand-editing files. Because exploitation needs only a valid low-privilege panel session, the highest-value compensating controls are access-side: restrict panel access to known administrative IP ranges or a VPN (trade-off: legitimate customers lose direct self-service access and must be routed through a bastion), enforce multi-factor authentication and strong password policy on all panel accounts, and audit/close unused customer, reseller, and subscription accounts so the number of usable PR:L footholds shrinks. If the advisory identifies the vulnerable feature, disable that module or revoke the corresponding permission from non-administrative roles until patching completes - noting that this can break the affected provisioning workflow for users. Additionally, since root-level command execution is the outcome, monitor Plesk hosts for suspicious child processes spawned by panel service accounts and for unexpected shell activity from the web user, and treat any host with a recently active low-privilege panel user as a candidate for forensic review. General network filtering does not mitigate this class of bug because the request arrives over the same HTTPS channel as normal panel traffic.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The root cause is CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, i.e. OS command injection): a panel-side routine takes attacker-controlled input and passes it to a shell or system call without adequate sanitization or argument escaping. Plesk is a commercial hosting control panel whose web front end (historically PHP/Perl backed) runs alongside privileged helper processes that perform administrative operations such as service management, file operations, and mail/domain provisioning; when one of those helpers accepts unescaped input from a request, the injected shell metacharacters are executed in the helper's elevated context, which is why the vendor describes the resulting code execution as root. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N, with VC/VI/VA:H and SC/SI/SA:H) confirms the network attack path, low complexity, no attack requirements, and a subsequent-system scope change, meaning the compromised panel component can affect the wider host. The independent assessment reaches the same conclusion under CVSS 3.1 (S:C with C/I/A:H), so both scoring regimes agree the weakness escalates from a single authenticated panel session to control of the underlying server. The affected CPE/version strings and the specific vulnerable endpoint are absent from the supplied data, so the precise blast radius across Plesk Obsidian and legacy Plesk releases cannot be bounded without the vendor article.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Network-reachable low-complexity command injection needing only a low-privilege panel login (PR:L); root execution escapes the web-app privilege boundary, so S:C with full C/I/A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (hackerone).
CVSS VectorVendor: hackerone
DescriptionCVE.org
OS command injection in Plesk allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
Executive ViewAI
A critical command-injection vulnerability in Plesk enables an authenticated low-privilege panel account to execute operating-system commands as root and take full control of the managed server. Because customer, reseller, and subscription accounts can trigger it, a single compromised or malicious hosting tenant could affect every site and data set on that server, making this a fleet-wide hosting and availability risk. Leadership should prioritize immediate containment and tenant isolation while awaiting a vendor fix.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations include restricting Plesk panel access to trusted networks/VPN, enforcing MFA and least privilege, disabling or auditing unnecessary customer/reseller/subscription accounts, monitoring for anomalous OS command execution, isolating or segmenting Plesk servers and tenants, maintaining offline backups, and preparing for emergency patch deployment; apply the vendor patch once released.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
Plesk Obsidian allows a CSRF attack, e.g., via the /api/v2/cli/commands REST API to change an Admin password. Rated medi
A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18.0.49 allows attackers to redirect users to
The feature to preview a website in Plesk Obsidian 18.0.0 through 18.0.32 on Linux is vulnerable to reflected XSS via th
Cross-tenant credential disclosure in WebPros Plesk before 18.0.78.4 allows a low-privileged authenticated customer to e
SQL injection in the Plesk hosting control panel's XML-RPC API allows a remote, low-privileged authenticated user to inj
Authenticated remote attackers against WebPros Plesk (versions before 18.0.79.8, and 18.0.80 through 18.0.80.3) can inje
Arbitrary file write as root in Plesk's Backup Manager lets an authenticated customer escalate to full server compromise
Local privilege escalation to root affects the Backup Manager component of WebPros Plesk, where a time-of-check-to-time-
Privilege escalation in the Plesk web hosting control panel lets an authenticated low-privileged user abuse an improper
Privilege escalation to remote code execution in Plesk (18.0.52 through 18.0.79.6, and the 18.0.80.0 branch before 18.0.
Privilege escalation to root in Plesk for Linux (18.0.34 up to 18.0.79.9 / 18.0.80.5) lets a customer- or reseller-level
Authenticated Plesk panel users can escalate to root on Plesk 18.0 (Obsidian) servers by exploiting incorrect access con
EUVD-2026-85618
GHSA-q589-mpmp-9796
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB