Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain admin credentials to web UI
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DeliverySend crafted request to formWsc peerRptPin
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ExploitInject shell metacharacters into parameter
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ExecutionExecute arbitrary commands as root
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ImpactFull device compromise and pivot
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an authenticated session with high (administrative) privileges on the TOTOLINK X2000R web management interface, after which a crafted HTTP request targeting the boa server's formWsc handler with malicious input in the peerRptPin parameter triggers command injection. Limiting factors: the attacker must first hold admin access (PR:H), and reachability depends on the management interface being accessible to the attacker's network position - WAN-side exposure dramatically increases risk while LAN-only management confines it. No user interaction is required (UI:N), and attack complexity is low (AC:L) once authenticated. The practical barrier is credential acquisition, making weak/default/reused admin passwords or a chained authentication bypass the realistic precondition. |
| Impact | This is a serious but privilege-gated flaw. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H, 9.1) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity OS command injection yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, but the PR:H metric and the description's explicit 'authenticated HTTP request' requirement confirm the attacker must already hold high-privilege (administrative) access to the device, which materially lowers real-world urgency versus an unauthenticated RCE. No EPSS score was provided, no POC was supplied, and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation. The vendor-assigned S:C (scope change) is debatable for an embedded router where the boa web server typically runs as root and compromise stays within a single security authority; I would assess S:U, which is why my independent score is lower. Bottom line: a high-technical-impact bug that in practice depends on prior admin authentication, so it is a priority mainly where admin credentials are weak, default, shared, or chainable from another auth-bypass flaw, rather than a broadly wormable internet-facing threat. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has obtained administrative credentials to the TOTOLINK X2000R web interface (via default/weak credentials, phishing, or a separate auth bypass) sends a crafted HTTP request to the boa server's formWsc endpoint, injecting shell metacharacters into the peerRptPin parameter. The injected command executes with the web server's privileges (typically root on this embedded device), giving full control of the router. No public exploit code is identified at this time, and low attack complexity (AC:L) means a single well-formed request suffices once authenticated. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026
Authenticated command injection in TOTOLINK X2000R is a serious but privilege-gated flaw: an attacker who already holds administrative access to the router's web management interface can send a crafted HTTP request to the Boa formWsc handler and execute arbitrary OS commands via the peerRptPin parameter. The affected build is TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327, and exploitation requires high privileges (PR:H) but no user interaction and low attack complexity once admin access is obtained. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, and the practical barrier is credential acquisition, such as weak, default, or reused admin passwords or a chained authentication bypass.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so operators should monitor the TOTOLINK advisory and upgrade to a vendor-issued fixed firmware once published. Until then, restrict the web management interface to trusted administrative networks only, block WAN-side access to the management UI on TCP 80/443, and require VPN or a dedicated admin VLAN for remote administration; the trade-off is loss of convenient remote access. Replace default, weak, or reused administrator credentials with strong unique passwords, disable remote management features if present, and consider network segmentation that prevents untrusted hosts from reaching the router's management plane. Monitor HTTP logs for requests to the formWsc handler with suspicious peerRptPin values containing shell metacharacters, recognizing that such detection may produce false positives from legitimate configuration traffic.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The TOTOLINK X2000R web management interface is served by the Boa web server, and its formWsc functionality handles the peerRptPin parameter for WSC-related configuration. The parameter is passed to an OS command sink without adequate neutralization of shell metacharacters, making this a classic CWE-78 OS command injection: specially crafted HTTP input is interpreted by the underlying shell and can lead to arbitrary command execution with the privileges of the web service. The CVSS vector requires a high-privileged authenticated session (PR:H), network reachability (AV:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and low attack complexity (AC:L). The published CPE, cpe:2.3:a:totolink:totolink:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, is broad rather than version-specific, so affected status should be confirmed against the exact firmware build.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network-reachable (AV:N), low complexity (AC:L), but requires admin auth so PR:H; command injection runs as root within one device, so S:U with full C/I/A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (talos).
CVSS VectorVendor: talos
DescriptionCVE.org
An os command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formWsc peerRptPin functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
Executive ViewAI
TOTOLINK X2000R routers running firmware build TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327 carry a critical command-injection vulnerability for which no vendor-released patch has been identified, creating potential for an attacker who obtains administrative access to execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Leadership should care because these routers often sit at branch or remote-network edges, and a compromised device could disrupt connectivity or serve as a foothold into the wider environment. The practical exposure is concentrated where router management interfaces are reachable from untrusted networks or protected by weak, default, or reused administrator credentials.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; interim mitigations include removing Internet exposure of the web management interface, restricting admin access to trusted networks or VPN, enforcing strong unique administrator credentials and removing defaults, segmenting the router from critical assets, enabling logging and monitoring for Boa formWsc/peerRptPin activity, applying IP allowlists and account lockout, deploying IPS/WAF virtual patching where feasible, and isolating or replacing the device if hardening cannot be achieved.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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EUVD-2026-105352
GHSA-7v54-29hj-mjq9
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB