EUVD-2025-209758
GHSA-j72f-vgmh-c8hr
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
In Webhook API invocations, the component accepts user-supplied input for HTTP request headers without sufficient validation or sanitization, allowing these headers to be injected into HTTP responses.
By exploiting this vulnerability, a malicious actor can inject or overwrite arbitrary HTTP response headers. This can lead to various adverse effects, including the manipulation of browser caching, alteration of security-related headers, and the injection of sensitive information such as cookie values, potentially enabling session hijacking or other malicious activities.
AnalysisAI
HTTP response header injection in WSO2 Webhook API invocations allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject or overwrite arbitrary HTTP response headers via unsanitized user-supplied input. Successful exploitation enables cache manipulation, security header alteration, cookie injection, and potential session hijacking. CVSS 5.3 (network-accessible, low complexity, no authentication required); no public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.
Technical ContextAI
The vulnerability exists in the Webhook API component of WSO2 API management products, where HTTP request headers from user input are reflected into HTTP responses without proper validation or sanitization. This is a classic header injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Output Command) that occurs when user-controlled data is passed unsanitized into HTTP response construction logic. The affected products are all part of WSO2's API management and gateway suite, which process HTTP requests through gateway and management components. The root cause is insufficient input filtering before header values are written to HTTP response streams, allowing attackers to inject newline characters (CR/LF) and additional headers.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor-released patch from WSO2 security advisory WSO2-2025-4410 (https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4410/) which includes input validation and sanitization fixes for Webhook API header handling. Exact patched version numbers must be obtained from the advisory; upgrade all affected products (API Manager, Universal Gateway, Traffic Manager, API Control Plane, Carbon API Gateway, and Carbon API Management Implementation) to the fixed release. If immediate patching is not possible, restrict Webhook API access to trusted internal networks and authenticated callers only via network segmentation or API gateway access controls, which will limit exposure but may impact functionality for legitimate external webhook integrations. Consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to detect and block HTTP requests containing encoded newline characters (\r, \n, %0d, %0a) in headers sent to Webhook endpoints, with the trade-off that this may block legitimate requests with special characters in header values.
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External POC / Exploit Code
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