What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-21778?

CVE-2023-21778 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.0 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.0%.

Is there a patch available for CVE-2023-21778?

Yes, a patch is available for CVE-2023-21778. Update the affected software to the latest version immediately.

Dynamics 365 CVE-2023-21778

HIGH

Command Injection (CWE-77)

2023-02-14 secure@microsoft.com

RCE Command Injection Microsoft Dynamics 365

8.0

CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: microsoft

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-77 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Command injection prevention MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 8.0 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, low privileges required, user interaction required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could inject arbitrary commands into system command execution by sending crafted requests to the affected application.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).

Patch available 1.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAI

Microsoft Dynamics Unified Service Desk Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Command Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject arbitrary commands into system command execution.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Use parameterized APIs, avoid shell execution, validate input with strict allowlists.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Command Injection (CWE-77), which allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands into system command execution. Microsoft Dynamics Unified Service Desk Remote Code Execution Vulnerability Affected products include: Microsoft Dynamics 365.

Know when Dynamics 365 gets its next vulnerability

Watch products and get an email when something new is published
Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

Continue with Google Continue with GitHub

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 8.0 HIGH

AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

High

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

DescriptionCVE.org

Microsoft Dynamics Unified Service Desk Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

1.0%

Top 42% exploitable

Data Quality

3 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 1.0%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Scheduled

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact· derived

Medium

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: +1

CVSS: +40

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS Command Injection CRITICAL

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:dynamics_365:*:*:*:*:unified_service_desk:*:*:*

More in Dynamics 365

View all

CVE-2026-33821 CRITICAL Act Now

9.9 May 12

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Insights allows an authenticated low-privilege user to cross an

CVE-2026-65772 HIGH This Week

8.8 Sep 08

Remote code execution in Microsoft Dynamics 365 on-premises version 9.1 (prior to build 9.1.0046.0006) is achievable by

CVE-2024-38182 CRITICAL Act Now

9.8 Jul 31

Weak authentication in Microsoft Dynamics 365 allows an unauthenticated attacker to elevate privileges over a network. R

CVE-2021-42316 HIGH This Week

8.8 Nov 10

Microsoft Dynamics 365 On-Premises Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabili

CVE-2026-65815 HIGH This Week

8.8 Aug 11

Remote code execution in Microsoft Dynamics 365 on-premises is achievable by any authenticated low-privileged user via a

CVE-2026-77908 HIGH This Week

8.8 Sep 08

Remote code execution in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Engagement V9.1 (versions below 9.1.0048.0004) is achievable by

CVE-2026-40371 HIGH This Week

8.8 Jun 09

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Dynamics 365 (on-premises) allows a remote authenticated attacker with low-level acces

CVE-2022-35805 HIGH This Week

8.8 Sep 13

Microsoft Dynamics CRM (on-premises) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabi

CVE-2022-34700 HIGH This Week

8.8 Sep 13

Microsoft Dynamics CRM (on-premises) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabi

CVE-2022-23259 HIGH This Week

8.8 Apr 15

Microsoft Dynamics 365 On-Premises Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabili

CVE-2020-17158 HIGH This Week

8.8 Dec 10

Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations (on-premises) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity

CVE-2020-17152 HIGH This Week

8.8 Dec 10

Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations (on-premises) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity

Same weakness CWE-77 – Command Injection

View all

CVE-2024-21887 CRITICAL POC

9.1

CVE-2016-3081 HIGH POC

8.1

CVE-2012-1823 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2016-1555 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2024-55956 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2015-2051 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2017-6327 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2023-34960 CRITICAL POC

9.8

Same technique RCE

View all

CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC

10.0

CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC

9.8

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21778 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/220999

Search Externally

GitHub PoC

Exploit-DB PacketStorm Snyk Rapid7 Nuclei Templates Trickest PoC

Back