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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-444
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could manipulate HTTP request interpretation between frontend and backend servers by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 28.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier fails to close inbound connection when errors are encountered discarding the request body, exposing the server to HTTP Request Smuggling. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This HTTP Request/Response Smuggling vulnerability could allow attackers to manipulate HTTP request interpretation between frontend and backend servers.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Enforce strict HTTP parsing, normalize requests at proxy layer, use HTTP/2 end-to-end, reject ambiguous headers.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as HTTP Request/Response Smuggling (CWE-444), which allows attackers to manipulate HTTP request interpretation between frontend and backend servers. Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier fails to close inbound connection when errors are encountered discarding the request body, exposing the server to HTTP Request Smuggling Affected products include: Apache Http Server, Fedoraproject Fedora, Debian Debian Linux, Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center, Oracle Http Server.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier fails to close inbound connection when errors are encountered discarding the request body, exposing the server to HTTP Request Smuggling

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
28.2%
Top 2% exploitable
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 28.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

77
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +28
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

HTTP Request Smuggling HIGH

HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:apache:http_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:36:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_ops_center:12.4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:http_server:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:http_server:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:zfs_storage_appliance_kit:8.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-002:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-003:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-004:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-005:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-006:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-007:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-008:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2022-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2022-002:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 4 more

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Same weakness CWE-444 – HTTP Request/Response Smuggling

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CVE-2023-41265 CRITICAL POC
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Same technique Information Disclosure

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CVE-2021-34523 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-0147 HIGH POC
7.5

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html ADVISORY https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html REF http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33 REF http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35 REF http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/14/3 REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00033.html REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RGWILBORT67SHMSLYSQZG2NMXGCMPUZO/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X73C35MMMZGBVPQQCH7LQZUMYZNQA5FO/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z7H26WJ6TPKNWV3QKY4BHKUKQVUTZJTD/ REF https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-20 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0001/ REF https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255 REF https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256 REF https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257 REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html

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