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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-94
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 8.8 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could inject and execute arbitrary code within the application by sending crafted requests to the affected application.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%.
Patch available 77.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

XStream is software for serializing Java objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Code Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Never evaluate user-controlled input as code. Use sandboxing, disable dangerous functions, apply strict input validation.

Affected Packages

maven com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream fix: 1.4.17

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94), which allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application. XStream is software for serializing Java objects to XML and back again. A vulnerability in XStream versions prior to 1.4.17 may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types is affected. The vulnerability is patched in version 1.4.17. Affected products include: Xstream, Debian Debian Linux, Fedoraproject Fedora, Netapp Snapmanager, Oracle Banking Cash Management. Version information: prior to 1.4.17.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

XStream is software for serializing Java objects to XML and back again. A vulnerability in XStream versions prior to 1.4.17 may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types is affected. The vulnerability is patched in version 1.4.17.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
5.6/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
77.7%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS POC (1) GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 77.7%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

142
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +78
CVSS: +44
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:xstream:xstream:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:oracle:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:sap:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 22 more

More in Xstream

View all
CVE-2020-26217 HIGH POC
8.8 Nov 16

XStream before version 1.4.14 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to ru
CVE-2021-21351 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21346 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21344 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21345 CRITICAL POC
9.9 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.9), this vulnerabi
CVE-2020-26258 HIGH POC
7.7 Dec 16

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability
CVE-2020-26259 MEDIUM POC
6.8 Dec 16

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerabili
CVE-2021-21341 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21342 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21349 HIGH POC
8.6 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21343 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21350 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerabi

Same weakness CWE-94 – Code Injection

View all
CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2021-22205 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2012-0158 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2021-44529 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2014-6287 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2017-7494 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2013-3906 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2017-9822 HIGH POC
8.8

Same technique RCE

View all
CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
9.8

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/24fac82191292c6ae25f94508d28b9823f83624f PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html REF https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/f0c4a8d861b68ffc3119cfbbbd632deee624e227 REF https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-7chv-rrw6-w6fc REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8ee51debf7fd184b6a6b020dc31df25118b0aa612885f12fbe77f04f%40%3Cdev.jmeter.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8ee51debf7fd184b6a6b020dc31df25118b0aa612885f12fbe77f04f@%3Cdev.jmeter.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/07/msg00004.html REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7 REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210708-0007 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210708-0007/ REF https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004 REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html REF https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-29505.html

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