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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-78
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 8.8 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host by sending crafted requests to the affected application.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%.
Patch available 85.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

XStream before version 1.4.14 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands only by manipulating the processed input stream. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Avoid passing user input to shell commands. Use language-specific APIs instead of shell execution. Apply strict input validation with allowlists.

Affected Packages

maven com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream fix: 1.4.14-java7

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as OS Command Injection (CWE-78), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host. XStream before version 1.4.14 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands only by manipulating the processed input stream. Only users who rely on blocklists are affected. Anyone using XStream's Security Framework allowlist is not affected. The linked advisory provides code workarounds for users who cannot upgrade. The issue is fixed in version 1.4.14. Affected products include: Xstream, Debian Debian Linux, Netapp Snapmanager, Apache Activemq, Oracle Banking Cash Management. Version information: version 1.4.14.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

XStream before version 1.4.14 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands only by manipulating the processed input stream. Only users who rely on blocklists are affected. Anyone using XStream's Security Framework allowlist is not affected. The linked advisory provides code workarounds for users who cannot upgrade. The issue is fixed in version 1.4.14.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
5.8/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
85.0%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS POC (1) GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 85.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

149
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +85
CVSS: +44
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS Command Injection CRITICAL

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:xstream:xstream:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:*:*:*:*:*:sap:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:-:*:*:*:oracle:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:activemq:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:activemq:5.16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_cash_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 17 more

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Same weakness CWE-78 – OS Command Injection

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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/0fec095d534126931c99fd38e9c6d41f5c685c1a PATCH https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html REF https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-mw36-7c6c-q4q2 REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2de526726e7f4db4a7cb91b7355070779f51a84fd985c6529c2f4e9e%40%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7c9fc255edc0b9cd9567093d131f6d33fde4c662aaf912460ef630e9%40%3Ccommits.camel.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r826a006fda71cc96fc87b6eca4b5d195f19a292ad36cea501682c38c%40%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/redde3609b89b2a4ff18b536a06ef9a77deb93d47fda8ed28086fa8c3%40%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/12/msg00001.html REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210409-0004/ REF https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4811 REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html

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