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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-134
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Format string safety
Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.20%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the critical-severity affected system.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 1.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Format string vulnerability in libxml2 before 2.9.4 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via format string specifiers in unknown vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-134. Format string vulnerability in libxml2 before 2.9.4 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via format string specifiers in unknown vectors. Affected products include: Hp Icewall Federation Agent, Apple Watchos, Apple Mac Os X, Xmlsoft Libxml2, Apple Icloud. Version information: before 2.9.4.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Format string vulnerability in libxml2 before 2.9.4 allows attackers to have unspecified impact via format string specifiers in unknown vectors.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.2%
Top 21% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

50
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:hp:icewall_federation_agent:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:xmlsoft:libxml2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apple:icloud:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_eus:7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_eus:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_eus:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_eus:7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_eus:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 18 more

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Multiple use-after-free vulnerabilities in libxml2 2.9.0 and possibly other versions might allow context-dependent attac

Same weakness CWE-134 – Use of Externally-Controlled Format String

View all
CVE-2012-3569 CRITICAL POC
9.3
CVE-2012-2288 CRITICAL POC
9.3
CVE-2019-1579 HIGH POC
8.1
CVE-2014-1683 MEDIUM POC
6.8
CVE-2012-10055 CRITICAL POC
9.3
CVE-2012-1851 CRITICAL
10.0
CVE-2012-0809 HIGH POC
7.2
CVE-2015-8617 CRITICAL POC
9.8

Same technique Information Disclosure

View all
CVE-2019-2725 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2021-34523 CRITICAL POC
9.0
CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2017-5638 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-68613 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2017-0147 HIGH POC
7.5

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html ADVISORY https://git.gnome.org/browse/libxml2/commit/?id=4472c3a5a5b516aaf59b89be602fbce52756c3e9 ADVISORY https://git.gnome.org/browse/libxml2/commit/?id=502f6a6d08b08c04b3ddfb1cd21b2f699c1b7f5b REF http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00000.html REF http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00001.html REF http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00002.html REF http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00003.html REF http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00005.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2957.html REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/25/2 REF http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjul2016-3090568.html REF http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinjul2016-3090544.html REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90856 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036348 REF http://www.slackware.com/security/viewer.php?l=slackware-security&y=2016&m=slackware-security.404722 REF http://xmlsoft.org/news.html REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1292 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1338700 REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05194709 REF https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10170 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206899 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206901 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206902 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206903 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206904 REF https://support.apple.com/HT206905 REF https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2016-18

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