Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67685)
Parse Server allows attackers with a valid authentication provider token and a single MFA recovery code or SMS one-time password to create multiple concurrent authenticated sessions, bypassing the single-use guarantee of MFA recovery codes and defeating session revocation. The vulnerability exploits a race condition in the authData login endpoint where concurrent requests can reuse the same MFA token before database synchronization occurs, enabling persistent unauthorized access even after legitimate session revocation.
Parse Server's verify password endpoint leaks MFA secrets and OAuth tokens to authenticated users, enabling multi-factor authentication bypass. Attackers who possess a valid user password can extract TOTP secrets and recovery codes from the unsanitized response, then generate valid MFA codes to defeat the second authentication factor. The vulnerability affects the npm package parse-server. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though exploitation requires only password knowledge and standard API access.
Trino's Iceberg connector leaks AWS S3 access credentials through query JSON endpoints, allowing authenticated users with write privileges to extract static or temporary credentials used for object storage access. The vulnerability exposes credentials via the query visualization API (/ui/api/query/ and /v1/query/ endpoints) when users perform write or table maintenance operations. With a CVSS of 7.7 and EPSS data not provided, this represents a confirmed credential exposure issue requiring immediate attention for organizations using Iceberg REST catalog configurations with storage credentials. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though exploitation requires only low-privilege authenticated access.
Stripe PaymentIntent replay vulnerability in mppx payment handler allows attackers to bypass idempotency checks and consume resources by replaying captured Stripe credentials against new challenges without actual charges. The vulnerability affects mppx versions prior to 0.4.11, where the server failed to validate Stripe's Idempotent-Replayed response header during PaymentIntent creation, enabling unlimited resource consumption from a single valid payment credential.
A logic error in the mppx npm package (versions <0.4.11) allows remote attackers to close payment channels without committing funds by exploiting an off-by-one validation flaw in the tempo/session cooperative close handler. The handler incorrectly used '<' instead of '<=' when validating close voucher amounts against settled on-chain amounts, enabling attackers to submit vouchers exactly equal to settled amounts for free channel closure or griefing attacks. No active exploitation confirmed (CISA KEV), but publicly available patch and detailed advisory increase exploitation risk. CVSS 7.5 (High) reflects network-accessible, low-complexity attack requiring no authentication.
Deadlock in Linux kernel rust_binder driver occurs when BC_DEAD_BINDER_DONE is invoked on a non-looper thread while the proc lock is held, preventing push_work_if_looper() from safely acquiring the proc lock for work queue delivery. The vulnerability affects the Rust implementation of Android's Binder IPC mechanism and can cause kernel deadlock, potentially resulting in denial of service to affected processes or the entire system depending on thread scheduling.
Credential exposure in OpenClaw gateway pairing mechanism allows remote attackers to extract and reuse long-lived shared gateway credentials embedded in pairing setup codes. Attackers who obtain QR codes or pairing tokens from chat logs, screenshots, or system logs can recover persistent gateway credentials intended for one-time use, enabling unauthorized gateway access without authentication. EPSS data not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Affects OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.12.
Authorization bypass in OpenClaw gateway agent RPC enables authenticated operators with operator.write permission to escape workspace boundaries and execute arbitrary operations outside designated directories. Attackers supply malicious spawnedBy and workspaceDir parameters to perform file and exec operations from any process-accessible location. CVSS 8.7 reflects high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact with network attack vector and low complexity. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though EPSS data unavailable. VulnCheck identified this as an information disclosure vector affecting OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.11.
OpenClaw before 2026.2.17 stores session transcript JSONL files with overly permissive default file permissions, enabling local authenticated users to read transcript contents and extract sensitive information including secrets from tool output. The vulnerability requires local access and authenticated status on the system, affecting confidentiality of cached session data. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed, though the attack surface is high given the local nature and ease of file access.
BichitroGan ISP Billing Software 2025.3.20 contains an improper resource identifier control vulnerability in the settings/users-view endpoint that allows authenticated remote attackers to disclose sensitive information via manipulation of the ID parameter. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 4.3 with publicly available exploit code; the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.
HTTP::Session versions through 0.53 for Perl defaults to using insecurely generated session ids.
Prompt injection in PromtEngineer localGPT allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate LLM behavior via crafted inputs to the _route_using_overviews function. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub). The vulnerability affects all versions up to commit 4d41c7d17, with CVSS 7.3 indicating moderate confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. EPSS data not available, but the combination of network-accessible attack vector, low complexity (AC:L), no authentication requirement (PR:N), and public POC elevates real-world risk for installations exposed to untrusted input.
Information disclosure in wandb OpenUI up to version 1.0/3.5-turb allows authenticated local network attackers to expose sensitive information through error messages in the APIStatusError handler by manipulating the key argument. Publicly available exploit code exists, and the vendor has not responded to early disclosure notification. Attack complexity is low and requires only local network access and low-level privileges.
Memory leak in Linux kernel nf_tables nft_dynset module allows local denial of service through failed stateful expression cloning during dynamic set operations. When the second stateful expression clone fails under GFP_ATOMIC memory allocation, the first expression is not properly released, accumulating percpu memory allocations that exhaust kernel memory. This affects all Linux kernel versions until patched, with exploitation requiring local system access to trigger the nf_tables dynamic set evaluation code path.
Ninja Forms plugin for WordPress versions up to 3.14.1 exposes authorization tokens via an insecure callback function in blocks/bootstrap.php, allowing authenticated Contributor-level users and above to access form submission data from arbitrary forms without proper authorization. The vulnerability enables sensitive information disclosure affecting all WordPress installations using the affected plugin versions, with no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.
A information disclosure vulnerability in for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all (CVSS 8.0). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
UniFi Network Controller before version 5.10.22 and 5.11.x before 5.11.18 contains an improper certificate verification vulnerability that allows adjacent network attackers to conduct man-in-the-middle attacks by presenting a false SSL certificate...
Cookie leakage in Happy DOM JavaScript library (all versions prior to 20.8.9) allows remote attackers to steal authentication cookies across origins when fetch() is invoked with credentials:include. The vulnerability stems from the library incorrectly attaching cookies from the current page origin (window.location) rather than the request target URL, enabling cross-origin cookie exfiltration. EPSS data not available, but exploitation requires no authentication (PR:N) with low complexity (AC:L), making this readily exploitable. Upstream fix available (PR/commit); released patched version not independently confirmed.
The FLIP login page in versions 0.1.1 and prior lacks rate limiting and CAPTCHA protection, enabling unauthenticated remote attackers to conduct brute-force and credential-stuffing attacks against user accounts. The vulnerability affects the Federated Learning and Interoperability Platform, an open-source medical imaging AI training system where users are typically external to host organizations, amplifying the risk of credential reuse. While the CVSS score is low (2.7), the attack vector is network-based, requires no authentication or interaction, and directly enables unauthorized account access with potential integrity impact.
Authentication flow hijacking in Gematik Authenticator (versions <4.16.0) enables remote attackers to impersonate victim users through malicious deep links. This affects a critical healthcare identity provider used across Germany's digital health infrastructure. The vulnerability requires user interaction (clicking a crafted link) but requires no attacker authentication (CVSS AV:N/PR:N/UI:R), enabling complete account takeover with high confidentiality and integrity impact. EPSS data not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the attack vector's social engineering component makes weaponization straightforward once technical details become public.
Unauthenticated network access to Home Assistant apps bypasses intended Docker isolation on Linux systems, exposing internal services to any device on the local network. Apps configured with host network mode inadvertently bind internal Docker bridge endpoints to the broader LAN without authentication controls, enabling unauthorized access with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 9.6). Vendor-released patch available in Home Assistant Supervisor 2026.03.02. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though exploitation requires only adjacent network access with low attack complexity.
LibreChat versions 0.8.2-rc1 through 0.8.3-rc1 leak OAuth access tokens when authenticated users interact with malicious MCP servers, which can inject credential placeholders into HTTP headers that are automatically substituted with sensitive tokens. An attacker can create a rogue MCP server containing headers like {{LIBRECHAT_OPENID_ACCESS_TOKEN}} to harvest victim credentials during tool execution; the vulnerability is fixed in version 0.8.3-rc2. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is documented, but the attack requires user interaction (UI:R) and authenticated access (PR:L), limiting real-world impact.
Fleet device management software versions prior to 4.81.1 allow malicious enrolled Windows devices to access Mobile Device Management (MDM) commands intended for other devices, potentially disclosing sensitive configuration data including WiFi credentials, VPN secrets, and certificate payloads across the entire Windows fleet. The vulnerability stems from improper authorization controls in Windows MDM command processing, affecting any organization using Fleet for Windows device management. Vendor-released patch: version 4.81.1.
changedetection.io versions up to 0.54.6 leak all server environment variables including password hashes, proxy credentials, and API keys via unrestricted jq filter expressions. Attackers with API access (default: no authentication required) can extract SALTED_PASS, PLAYWRIGHT_DRIVER_URL, HTTP_PROXY, and any secrets passed to the container by creating a watch with 'jqraw:env' as the include filter. Vendor-released patch available in version 0.54.7. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but a detailed proof-of-concept exists in the GitHub advisory demonstrating full environment variable extraction in three API calls.
Session hijacking in the Model Context Protocol Ruby SDK (mcp gem) allows attackers to intercept Server-Sent Events streams by reusing valid session identifiers. The streamable_http_transport.rb implementation overwrites existing SSE stream objects when a duplicate session ID connects, silently disconnecting legitimate users and redirecting all tool responses and real-time data to the attacker. A proof-of-concept demonstration has been provided showing successful stream hijacking, where the attacker receives confidential tool call responses intended for the victim. Patch available per vendor advisory (release v0.9.2 per references).
SQL injection in Fleet device management software versions prior to 4.81.0 allows authenticated Team Admin or Global Admin users to execute arbitrary SQL queries against the Fleet database via the MDM bootstrap package configuration API endpoint. Attackers with these privileges can exfiltrate sensitive data, modify arbitrary team configurations, and inject malicious content into team settings. The vulnerability requires authentication but poses significant risk to multi-tenant Fleet deployments where administrative credentials may be compromised or where insider threats exist.
Fleet server memory exhaustion via unbounded request bodies allows unauthenticated denial-of-service against multiple HTTP endpoints. The vulnerability affects Fleet v4 (github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4) and was responsibly disclosed by @fuzzztf. Attackers can exhaust available memory and force server restarts by sending oversized or repeated HTTP requests to unauthenticated endpoints lacking size limits. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the attack mechanism is straightforward given the CWE-770 resource allocation vulnerability class.
WWBN AVideo up to version 26.0 allows authenticated attackers to conduct concurrent balance transfers that exploit a Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in the wallet module, enabling arbitrary financial value multiplication without database transaction protection. An attacker with multiple authenticated sessions can trigger parallel transfer requests that each read the same wallet balance, all pass the sufficiency check independently, but result in only a single deduction while the recipient receives multiple credits. The vulnerability requires local authentication and moderate attacker effort (AC:H) but carries high integrity impact; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.
Dolibarr Core versions up to 22.0.4 allow authenticated users with minimal privileges to read arbitrary non-PHP files from the server via a Local File Inclusion vulnerability in /core/ajax/selectobject.php. The flaw stems from dynamic file inclusion occurring before authorization checks and a fail-open logic in the access control function, enabling exfiltration of sensitive configuration files, environment variables, and logs. Publicly available exploit code exists, and a vendor patch has been released.
Improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code within letta-ai letta 0.16.4 allows remote attackers without authentication to manipulate the resolve_type function in letta/functions/ast_parsers.py, resulting in code injection and information disclosure. This vulnerability represents an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-6101, and publicly available exploit code exists that demonstrates remote exploitation with low attack complexity.
Plugin privilege validation bypass in Moby/Docker Engine prior to 29.3.1 (and Moby v2 before 2.0.0-beta.8) allows a malicious plugin to be installed with a privilege set that differs from what the user approved during 'docker plugin install'. The off-by-one in the daemon's comparison loop skips the first sorted privilege entry, and plugins requesting exactly one privilege bypass comparison entirely, potentially granting sensitive capabilities such as broad device access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.01%, and SSVC marks exploitation as none but technical impact as total.
UltraVNC versions up to 1.6.4.0 suffer from an uncontrolled search path vulnerability in version.dll loaded by the Service component, enabling local attackers with low privileges to achieve code execution with elevated privileges through DLL hijacking. Publicly available exploit code exists (Google Drive link in references), and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts. While the CVSS score is 7.3, exploitation requires local access, high attack complexity, and is considered difficult to execute, tempering immediate risk for most deployments.
WebSocket token validation bypass in WWBN AVideo versions up to 26.0 allows authenticated attackers to retain permanent real-time access to sensitive connection metadata after account revocation. The verifyTokenSocket() function fails to enforce token expiration despite generating 12-hour timeouts, enabling captured tokens to grant indefinite access to admin-level data including IP addresses, browser fingerprints, and user page locations. Authenticated users (PR:L per CVSS vector) can exploit this to maintain surveillance capabilities even after account deletion or privilege demotion. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
MLflow's basic-auth authentication system fails to protect tracing and assessment endpoints, enabling any authenticated user with no experiment permissions to read trace metadata and create unauthorized assessments. The vulnerability affects MLflow deployments running with the '--app-name=basic-auth' flag and carries a CVSS score of 8.1 (High) with network-based attack vector requiring low privilege authentication. This vulnerability was reported via the HackerOne bug bounty platform (@huntr_ai) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Wazuh authd contains a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to cause memory corruption and malformed heap data by sending specially crafted input. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
HTTP request smuggling in Undertow (the embedded web server underpinning JBoss EAP, Red Hat Data Grid, and Apache Camel for Spring Boot) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass front-end security controls by prepending whitespace to header lines. Undertow strips leading spaces from the first header line in violation of RFC 7230, creating a parser discrepancy between upstream proxies and the application server. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS sits at 0.13% (32nd percentile), but the CVSS 9.1 and broad Red Hat middleware exposure make this a high-value target for chained attacks.
OpenBMB XAgent 1.0.0 exposes sensitive API credentials in log files through improper handling of the api_key argument in the FunctionHandler.handle_tool_call function, allowing remote authenticated attackers with high privileges to disclose confidential information. The vulnerability is classified as information disclosure (CWE-200) with a CVSS score of 5.1 and has publicly available exploit code; however, the vendor has not responded to early disclosure notification.
Wazuh authd daemon contains a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-125) triggered by specially crafted input from authenticated remote users, causing memory corruption and denial of service to the authentication daemon. The vulnerability affects all versions of Wazuh (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:wazuh:wazuh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) and requires authenticated network access to exploit; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at this time.
Unauthenticated credential theft in Botpress Twilio integration allows remote attackers to capture plaintext Twilio account credentials (accountSID and authToken) via forged webhook requests. The webhook handler fails to validate X-Twilio-Signature headers and can be tricked into making HTTP requests to attacker-controlled servers with embedded credentials in Authorization headers, enabling full Twilio account compromise. CVSS score of 8.2 reflects high confidentiality impact with low attack complexity and no authentication required (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N).
Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File vulnerability in the SCIM Driver module in OpenText IDM Driver and Extensions on Windows, Linux, 64 bit allows authenticated local users to obtain. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Sensitive credential disclosure in Grafana (versions in the 9.3.0-11.6.x, 12.0.x-12.4.x lines) exposes the stored passwords of all direct (non-proxied) data sources whenever the public dashboards feature is enabled, even for data sources never referenced by any dashboard. Reported by Grafana with a vendor patch available, the flaw lets unauthenticated viewers of a public dashboard harvest backend data-source credentials (CVSS 7.5, C:H). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low (0.01%) with CISA SSVC rating exploitation as none.
GlobaLeaks whistleblowing platform versions prior to 5.0.89 contain insufficient input validation in the /api/support endpoint, permitting attackers to inject arbitrary URLs into support request emails sent to administrators. This can facilitate phishing attacks, credential harvesting, or social engineering by making malicious links appear to originate from legitimate support communications. Remote attackers without authentication can exploit this vulnerability to craft convincing fraudulent messages to site administrators.
OpenText Identity Manager versions up to 25.2 (v4.10.1) suffer from insecure cache handling that permits remote authenticated users to retrieve another user's session data, resulting in unauthorized information disclosure. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this cache misconfiguration on both Windows and Linux deployments to access sensitive session information belonging to other authenticated users, compromising confidentiality of user sessions and potentially enabling lateral movement or privilege escalation attacks.
Venueless instances allow authenticated users with 'update world' permissions to exfiltrate chat messages from direct messages or other worlds' channels via a flaw in the reporting feature, provided the attacker can obtain the target channel's internal UUID. This cross-world information disclosure affects Pretix Venueless across versions prior to patching, and exploitability is constrained by the requirement to discover internal identifiers that are not typically exposed to unauthorized users.
Bludit versions prior to 3.17.2 allow attackers to fix a victim's session identifier before authentication, with the session ID persisting unchanged after successful login, enabling authenticated session hijacking via session fixation. The vulnerability affects all Bludit instances below version 3.17.2 and requires local access and user interaction to exploit. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis, though the session fixation mechanism poses a moderate risk in multi-user or shared-access environments.
NEC Aterm wireless router series (including WG1200HP2, WG1900HP, WG1800HP3, WG1200HP4, and nine other models) contain hidden telnet functionality that can be remotely enabled by unauthenticated network attackers via unspecified means, classified as CWE-912 (Hidden Functionality). The vulnerability carries a CVSS 6.3 score reflecting network-accessible attack vector with high complexity requirements and limited confidentiality/integrity impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been confirmed at analysis time, though the remote enablement of administrative telnet access represents a significant privilege escalation pathway for subsequent unauthorized system access.
Dovecot OTP authentication enables replay attacks when authentication cache is enabled and username alteration occurs in passdb, allowing attackers who observe an OTP exchange to authenticate as the targeted user. Open-XChange Dovecot Pro is affected (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:open-xchange_gmbh:ox_dovecot_pro:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability requires relatively specific preconditions (enabled cache, username modification in passdb) to be exploitable. The CVSS 6.8 score reflects high confidentiality and integrity impact but requires high attack complexity and user interaction.
Dovecot's text conversion script for OOXML attachments unsafely processes zip-style files, allowing authenticated attackers to index unintended system files and contaminate full-text search indexes with sensitive content. Open-Xchange Dovecot Pro is affected. The vulnerability results in information disclosure (CWE-200) with a CVSS score of 4.3 and requires prior authentication; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
OX Dovecot Pro authentication server becomes disconnected when processing invalid base64 SASL data, causing all concurrent active authentication sessions to fail and enabling denial-of-service attacks against login infrastructure. Unauthenticated remote attackers can trigger this condition with minimal attack complexity by sending malformed base64 sequences to the SASL authentication handler. No public exploit code is currently available, and the vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 5.3 reflecting limited availability impact without confidentiality or integrity compromise.
Spring AI Redis vector store implementations expose sensitive data through unescaped TAG field filter injection in versions 1.0.0-1.0.4 and 1.1.0-1.1.3. Unauthenticated remote attackers can craft malicious filter expressions that bypass query boundaries in RediSearch TAG blocks, allowing extraction of unauthorized information from the vector database (CVSS 7.5 High, C:H). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability is straightforward to exploit given its low attack complexity (AC:L).
BUFFALO Wi-Fi router products contain hidden debugging functionality that permits authenticated attackers with high-level privileges to execute arbitrary operating system commands remotely. The vulnerability affects an unspecified range of BUFFALO's router lineup and carries a CVSS score of 7.2, requiring high privileges (PR:H) but low attack complexity over the network. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS data is not provided in available intelligence.
The cpp-httplib HTTP/HTTPS client library (versions prior to 0.39.0) leaks authentication credentials to arbitrary third-party servers when following cross-origin HTTP redirects. An attacker operating a malicious server can issue a 301/302/307/308 redirect to capture plaintext Basic Auth, Bearer Token, or Digest Auth credentials from the Authorization header. CVSS score of 7.4 reflects high confidentiality and integrity impact with network attack vector and high complexity; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Attested TLS relay attacks in Cocos AI confidential computing system versions 0.4.0 through 0.8.2 enable attackers to impersonate genuine TEE-protected services on AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX platforms by extracting ephemeral TLS private keys and redirecting authenticated sessions. The architectural flaw allows an attacker with physical access or side-channel capabilities to relay attestation evidence to a different endpoint, breaking the authentication binding between the TEE and the client. No vendor-released patch is available; the vulnerability affects a specialized confidential computing platform with low EPSS probability (formal EPSS score not provided in input) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though formal ProVerif verification confirms the attack feasibility.
Open WebUI versions prior to 0.8.6 disclose the server's absolute DATA_DIR path to any authenticated non-admin user via unsanitized filename handling in the speech-to-text transcription endpoint, which returns FileNotFoundError messages in HTTP 400 responses. This information disclosure affects all default deployments and requires only user-level authentication to trigger. The vulnerability has been patched in version 0.8.6, and no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0 fails to validate financial input parameters in the add-stock.php file, permitting attackers to submit negative values for product prices and total costs. This business logic vulnerability corrupts financial records and allows manipulation of inventory asset valuations and procurement cost tracking. Publicly available exploit code exists; however, no CVSS score, EPSS data, or CISA KEV confirmation is available to assess active exploitation frequency.
SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0 fails to enforce inventory constraints in the add-sales.php module, allowing attackers to create sales transactions for quantities that exceed available stock levels. This business logic flaw enables overselling scenarios where the system processes orders without validating stock availability, potentially leading to negative inventory records and operational disruption. Publicly available exploit code exists demonstrating the vulnerability, though no CVSS scoring or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been confirmed.
Blog.Admin versions 8.0 and earlier expose sensitive administrator account information through an improper access control vulnerability in the getinfobytoken API endpoint. An attacker possessing a valid authentication token can bypass authorization checks to retrieve confidential administrator credentials and account details, potentially enabling lateral movement or privilege escalation attacks. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at the time of analysis.
Incus system container and virtual machine manager versions prior to 6.23.0 allow authenticated users with instance access to read and write arbitrary files as root on the host system through exploitation of pongo2 template processing. The vulnerability (scored CVSS 10.0 critical) stems from a bypassed chroot isolation mechanism that was intended to confine template operations to instance filesystems but instead permits unrestricted host filesystem access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability is tagged as Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) with a GitHub security advisory published.
Incus versions prior to 6.23.0 fail to validate image fingerprints when downloading from simplestreams servers, enabling attackers with local privileges to poison the image cache and potentially cause other tenants to execute attacker-controlled container or virtual machine images instead of legitimate ones. The vulnerability requires local authentication and specific conditions but carries high integrity impact in multi-tenant environments; no active exploitation has been confirmed.
Signature forgery in node-forge npm package (all versions through v1.3.3) allows remote attackers to bypass RSASSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification for RSA keys using low public exponent (e=3). Attackers can construct Bleichenbacher-style forged signatures by injecting malicious ASN.1 content within DigestInfo structures and exploiting missing padding length validation, enabling authentication bypass in systems relying on forge for cryptographic verification. Proof-of-concept code demonstrates successful forgery against forge while OpenSSL correctly rejects the same signature. CVSS score 7.5 (High) with network attack vector, low complexity, and no privileges required. No public exploit identified at time of analysis beyond the research POC.
A security vulnerability in A weakness (CVSS 5.5). Risk factors: public PoC available.
Red Hat OpenShift AI llama-stack-operator permits unauthorized cross-namespace access to Llama Stack service endpoints due to missing NetworkPolicy enforcement, enabling authenticated users in one namespace to view or modify sensitive data in another user's Llama Stack instances. CVSS 8.1 (High) reflects high confidentiality and integrity impact with low-privilege authenticated network access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the authentication bypass weakness (CWE-653) is architecturally straightforward to leverage once cluster access is obtained.
Drupal File (Field) Paths module 7.x prior to 7.1.3 allows authenticated users to disclose other users' private files through filename-collision uploads that manipulate file URI processing, causing hook_node_insert() consumers such as email attachment modules to access incorrect file URIs and bypass access controls on sensitive files. The vulnerability affects the Drupal File (Field) Paths package as confirmed via CPE cpe:2.3:a:drupal:drupal_file_(field)_paths:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. No public exploit code or active exploitation data has been identified at the time of analysis.
Malformed DICOM files with non-standard VR types trigger uncontrolled memory allocation in Grassroots DICOM (GDCM) library, enabling remote denial-of-service attacks without authentication. CISA ICS-CERT issued an ICSMA advisory (26-083-01) highlighting impacts to medical imaging systems that rely on GDCM for DICOM parsing. The vulnerability allows heap exhaustion from a single malicious file read operation, with CVSS 7.5 (High severity, network-accessible, no privileges required). No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the UPnP service of TP-Link TL-WR841N v14 routers enables adjacent network attackers to crash the UPnP daemon without authentication, resulting in denial of service. Affected devices include firmware versions prior to EN_0.9.1 4.19 Build 260303 and US_0.9.1.4.19 Build 260312. Vendor patches are available. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, with CVSS:4.0 scoring 7.1 (High) reflecting adjacent network access requirements and high availability impact.
Remote denial-of-service in libssh 0.11.x and earlier allows unauthenticated attackers to crash SSH server daemon processes via malformed GSSAPI authentication OID payloads. The vulnerability affects the ssh_get_hexa() API function when processing zero-length input, exploitable remotely when GSSAPI authentication is enabled and logging verbosity is set to SSH_LOG_PATCH (level 3) or higher. Red Hat, Ubuntu, SUSE, and Debian have released patches (libssh 0.11.4 and 0.12.0). EPSS score of 0.09% and SSVC assessment indicate low real-world exploitation likelihood despite network attack vector, with no active exploitation confirmed. Ubuntu classified this as low priority, and CISA SSVC notes exploitation as 'none' but 'automatable' with partial impact.
DataRow.Decode in github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 fails to validate field length parameters, allowing a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL server to send a DataRow message with a negative field length that triggers a slice bounds out of range panic in Go applications using this library. Affected applications experience denial of service through unexpected termination when connecting to an untrusted or compromised database server. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed; however, the attack requires only network access to a PostgreSQL endpoint that the vulnerable application connects to.
Truncated msgpack fixext format data (codes 0xd4-0xd8) decoded by shamaton/msgpack library versions across v1, v2, and v3 fail to validate input buffer boundaries, triggering out-of-bounds memory reads and runtime panics that enable denial of service. Remote attackers can craft malformed msgpack payloads to crash applications using affected library versions without requiring authentication or user interaction.
Authenticated attackers with low-level privileges can exfiltrate sensitive database information from InvenTree open source inventory management systems prior to version 1.2.6 by abusing unvalidated filter parameters in bulk operation API endpoints. The vulnerability enables blind boolean-based data extraction through Django ORM relationship traversal, achieving high confidentiality impact with changed scope per CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N (score 7.7). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and vendor-released patches are available in versions 1.2.6 and 1.3.0.
Ruckus Access Point products contain an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the command-line interface that allows authenticated remote attackers with administrative privileges to read arbitrary. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Keycloak's User-Managed Access (UMA) 2.0 Protection API fails to enforce role-based access control on the permission tickets endpoint, allowing any authenticated user with a resource server client token to enumerate all permission tickets regardless of authorization level. This information disclosure vulnerability affects Red Hat Build of Keycloak across multiple versions and requires valid authentication to exploit, posing a moderate risk to multi-tenant environments where ticket enumeration could expose sensitive access control data. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Tandoor Recipes versions prior to 2.6.0 allow unlimited brute-force password guessing attacks against any known username through API endpoints accepting BasicAuthentication headers. While Django AllAuth rate limiting protects the HTML login form (5 attempts per minute per IP), API endpoints completely bypass these controls, enabling high-speed credential stuffing with no account lockout. A proof-of-concept exploit exists and the attack is automatable per SSVC analysis, though no active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV.
Statamic CMS versions prior to 5.73.16 and 6.7.2 allow authenticated control panel users with access to Antlers-enabled fields to read sensitive application configuration values through template variable injection, exposing secrets such as API keys and database credentials. The vulnerability requires low-privilege authenticated access and network connectivity to the control panel, with a CVSS score of 6.5 reflecting moderate real-world risk. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.
Tandoor Recipes versions prior to 2.6.0 fail to strip EXIF metadata from WebP and GIF image uploads, exposing sensitive information such as GPS coordinates, timestamps, and camera details to all users viewing shared recipes. This information disclosure vulnerability affects any user uploading recipe photos, particularly those using modern smartphones that default to WebP format. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.6.0.
Tandoor Recipes versions through 2.5.3 permit Host header injection attacks that enable invite link poisoning, allowing authenticated administrators with high privileges to be social-engineered into sending system-generated invite tokens to attacker-controlled servers. The Django application's default ALLOWED_HOSTS='*' configuration fails to validate HTTP Host headers, which combined with request.build_absolute_uri() usage allows manipulation of all absolute URLs including invite emails, API pagination, and OpenAPI schemas. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; CVSS 8.1 reflects network-based attack requiring high privileges and user interaction with changed scope.
Session fixation via remote phishing in OpenBao before 2.5.2 lets an unauthenticated attacker hijack a victim's identity when a JWT/OIDC auth role is configured with callback_mode=direct. Because direct mode skips any confirmation prompt and calls back straight to the API, an attacker initiates the auth flow, lures a victim into completing the login through a crafted URL, then polls the API to collect the OpenBao token that gets issued under the victim's identity. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low (0.06%, 19th percentile), and it is not in CISA KEV, though SSVC rates the technical impact as total.
Cross-user data leakage in elixir-nodejs library versions prior to 3.1.4 allows authenticated users to receive sensitive data belonging to other users through a race condition in the worker protocol's request-response handling. The lack of request-response correlation causes stale responses to be delivered to unrelated callers in high-throughput environments, potentially exposing PII, authentication tokens, or private records. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability is documented in GitHub issue #100 with technical details publicly available.
AVideo password verification API endpoint allows unauthenticated attackers to brute-force video access passwords at network speed with no rate limiting, enabling compromise of password-protected video content across the platform. The vulnerable endpoint pkg:composer/wwbn_avideo returns a boolean confirmation for any password guess without authentication, CAPTCHA, or throttling mechanisms, combined with plaintext password storage and loose equality comparison that further weakens defenses. Publicly available exploit code exists demonstrating rapid password enumeration against any video ID.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in AVideo Scheduler plugin exposes internal infrastructure details, admin-composed email campaigns, and user targeting mappings through three unprotected list.json.php endpoints. Remote attackers without authentication can retrieve all scheduled task callbacks with internal URLs and parameters, complete email message bodies, and user-to-email relationships by issuing simple GET requests. A public proof-of-concept exists demonstrating the vulnerability; patch availability has been confirmed by the vendor.
OpenFGA's condition-based caching mechanism can generate identical cache keys for different authorization check requests, allowing attackers to bypass access controls by triggering cache reuse of previously evaluated decisions. This affects deployments with relations that evaluate conditions and have caching enabled. Organizations should upgrade to OpenFGA v1.13.1 to remediate the cache poisoning vulnerability.
XML Digital Signature validation in russellhaering/goxmldsig library prior to version 1.6.0 can be bypassed due to a Go loop variable capture bug, allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to forge or manipulate XML signatures without detection. The vulnerability affects applications using Go versions before 1.22 or older go.mod configurations, enabling integrity violations in SAML authentication, document signing, and other XML-DSig implementations. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low observed exploitation probability, with no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV). Vendor patch available in version 1.6.0.
Out-of-bounds read and write in libpng's ARM/AArch64 Neon-optimized palette expansion allows remote attackers to trigger memory corruption, information disclosure, and denial of service when processing malicious PNG files. libpng versions 1.6.36 through 1.6.55 are affected on ARM platforms with Neon optimization enabled. Version 1.6.56 contains the fix. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, with SSVC framework indicating no active exploitation, non-automatable attack vector, and partial technical impact.
A security vulnerability in versions 1.2.1 (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
Mattermost Plugins versions 11.4 and earlier, including 10.11.11.0, fail to validate webhook request timestamps, enabling attackers with high privileges to replay webhook requests and corrupt Zoom meeting state within Mattermost deployments. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 2.2 with low attack complexity but requires high-privilege authentication; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA has not flagged this for active exploitation.
Data race conditions in EVerest Core versions before 2026.02.0 allow concurrent access to charging state during phase switching operations, potentially causing integrity violations or service interruptions on affected EV charging systems. An attacker with adjacent network access can trigger the race condition by initiating phase switches during active charging sessions, exploiting the unsafe concurrent execution between the state machine and switching requests. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
EVerest charging software stack versions prior to 2026.02.0 contain a data race condition leading to use-after-free memory corruption, triggered by EV plug-in/unplug events and authorization flows (RFID, RemoteStart, OCPP). Unauthenticated physical attackers with high complexity can exploit this to leak sensitive information or cause denial of service on affected charging infrastructure. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Concurrent access to an internal event queue in EVerest-core (EV charging software stack) enables remote attackers to corrupt critical data structures when CSMS GetLog or UpdateFirmware requests coincide with EVSE fault events, potentially causing information disclosure, data integrity issues, and high availability impact. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 2026.02.0, for which a vendor patch is available. SSVC analysis indicates no current exploitation, non-automatable attack surface, and partial technical impact. EPSS data not provided; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Mattermost bulk export functionality fails to apply proper file permissions, allowing unprivileged local users on affected servers to read sensitive exported data. Mattermost versions 11.4.0, 11.3.x through 11.3.1, 11.2.x through 11.2.3, and 10.11.x through 10.11.11 are vulnerable (CVE-2026-3113, MMSA-2026-00593). An authenticated local attacker with login credentials can access bulk export files created by other users, leading to unauthorized information disclosure of potentially sensitive team and channel communications. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA has not listed this in the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, though the vulnerability's automatable nature and low attack complexity warrant prompt patching.
Mattermost's mmctl command-line administration tool fails to sanitize ANSI and OSC escape sequences embedded in user-generated post content, enabling authenticated low-privilege attackers to inject malicious terminal control codes when administrators export or query messages. Exploitation allows screen manipulation, fake prompt injection, and clipboard hijacking against administrators running mmctl commands, potentially leading to secondary code execution if administrators are tricked into running injected commands. CISA SSVC framework indicates no current exploitation, non-automatable attack requiring high complexity and user interaction, but with total technical impact potential.
EVerest EV charging software prior to version 2026.02.0 contains a race condition in concurrent map access that can corrupt internal data structures when EV state-of-charge updates coincide with power meter refreshes and session termination events. Local attackers with physical access to charging equipment can trigger this condition to cause denial of service by crashing the charging system. Patch availability is limited to version 2026.02.0 and later.