Windows Server 2016
Monthly
Windows Telephony Service on multiple Windows versions (10, 11, Server 2008/2022) contains an improper file path control vulnerability that enables authenticated attackers on the same network to escalate privileges to system level. An attacker with local user credentials can manipulate file name or path parameters to achieve elevated privileges without user interaction. No patch is currently available, though the vulnerability has high exploitability potential (EPSS 0.8%).
Windows HTTP.sys contains an access control weakness that enables authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges on affected Windows systems including Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016/2019. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity and existing user credentials but grants complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue.
Privilege escalation in Windows SMB Server (versions 10 22h2, 11 23h2, and 11 25h2) stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, allowing authenticated network attackers to elevate privileges. The race condition vulnerability requires specific timing conditions but carries high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Privilege escalation in Windows SMB Server (2022, 2025) stems from improper synchronization of concurrent resource access, enabling authenticated network attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific conditions to trigger but provides high-impact unauthorized access when successfully exploited. No patch is currently available for affected systems.
Windows SMB Server contains a race condition in concurrent resource handling that enables authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges on affected systems including Windows 10 22H2, Windows 10 1607, and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity and network access from an authenticated user, but carries high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue (CVSS 7.5).
Remote denial of service in Windows LSASS affects Windows 10 and 11 through a null pointer dereference that an unauthenticated attacker can trigger over the network. The vulnerability causes service unavailability but does not enable code execution or data theft. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable until Microsoft releases a fix.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) across Windows 11 23h2, Windows Server 2012, and 2019 stems from improper synchronization in shared resource handling, enabling authenticated attackers to elevate privileges on affected systems. The vulnerability requires local access and specific timing conditions to exploit, with no patch currently available. This affects systems running the impacted Windows and Server editions where authenticated users may achieve system-level privileges.
Remote code execution in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 variants through a heap-based buffer overflow triggered over the network without authentication. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with high privileges, though a user interaction is required to trigger the flaw. No patch is currently available, making this a critical risk for exposed systems.
Windows 10 1607 is affected by access of resource using incompatible type (type confusion) (CVSS 7.8).
Remote code execution in Windows Server Update Service affects Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2025, 2022, and 2016 due to inadequate input validation, enabling unauthenticated network-based attackers to execute arbitrary code with high impact. The vulnerability requires specific conditions to exploit (high complexity) but carries significant risk across widely-deployed server infrastructure with no patch currently available.
Windows Hello privilege escalation on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019 allows local attackers without credentials to tamper with system integrity through incorrect privilege assignment. The vulnerability requires local access but no user interaction, enabling unauthorized modifications to protected resources. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue affecting multiple Windows versions.
Windows Kerberos authentication in multiple Windows versions accepts untrusted input during security decisions, enabling authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607 and 1809), Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2025, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to gain elevated system access across the network.
Privilege escalation via race condition in Windows SMB Server affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2022 23h2, allowing authenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges over the network. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization when handling concurrent access to shared resources, and no patch is currently available. With a CVSS score of 7.5, this poses a significant risk to organizations using affected Windows versions.
Windows Clipboard Server contains a use-after-free vulnerability affecting Windows 10 (versions 21H2 and 1809) and Windows Server 2022 (23H2) that enables local privilege escalation without requiring user interaction. An attacker with local access can exploit this memory safety flaw to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated users to gain system-level access through improper access control mechanisms. An attacker with local user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to obtain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk until Microsoft releases a security update.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel on Windows 11 and Linux systems results from improper synchronization of concurrent access to shared resources, allowing authenticated local attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific timing conditions to exploit but impacts multiple Windows versions and Linux distributions. No patch is currently available for this race condition vulnerability.
Privileged local attackers can exploit a use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows RPC IDL subsystem to gain system-level code execution on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2022 systems. The vulnerability requires local access and valid credentials but allows complete compromise of the target system with no user interaction required. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an authorized low-privileged user win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use race to elevate to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025). Exploitation requires local code execution and reliably winning a narrow timing window, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile) and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of active exploitation.
Local privilege escalation in the Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) subsystem of Microsoft Windows lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user win a race condition (CWE-362) to gain higher privileges. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Windows Server 2016 through 2025) and, per its high-integrity/high-confidentiality/high-availability impact, can yield full SYSTEM-level control on a compromised host. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates near-term mass exploitation as very low (0.03%).
Privilege escalation in Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 11 25h2 and Windows Server 2019 exploits a use-after-free condition, enabling authenticated local attackers to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability requires moderate complexity to exploit and affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. No patch is currently available.
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Common Log File System Driver (affecting Windows 10 1607, Server 2016, and Server 2022 23h2) enables authenticated local users to achieve complete system compromise through privilege escalation. The vulnerability requires valid credentials but no user interaction, making it a direct path to administrative control for insiders or attackers with initial access. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems at elevated risk pending remediation.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/Windows Installer service) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race and gain SYSTEM-level privileges across supported Windows client and server releases. Exploitation requires local access and winning a narrow timing window, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting the high attack complexity and lack of observed exploitation.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel affects Linux, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 10 1607 through a race condition in shared resource synchronization. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Privilege escalation in Windows Kernel Memory affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 23h2, exploitable by local authenticated users through a race condition between permission checks and memory access. An attacker with local access can leverage this window to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available.
Desktop Windows Manager on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 leaks sensitive information to local authenticated users, enabling disclosure of confidential data without modifying or disrupting system functionality. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited and affects multiple Windows versions with no patch currently available. An authorized attacker can exploit this with minimal complexity to extract sensitive information from the system.
Windows Hello privilege elevation flaw in Windows 10 21h2, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2022 23h2 enables local attackers to modify system data without authorization. The vulnerability stems from improper privilege assignment that bypasses access controls, allowing an unauthenticated attacker with local access to tamper with protected resources. Currently no patch is available and exploitation requires only local access with no special conditions or user interaction.
Windows Deployment Services contains improper access control that enables unauthenticated attackers on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code with high privileges on affected Windows and Windows Server systems. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Server 2012, 2019, and 2022 variants, with no patch currently available. An adjacent network attacker requires only network proximity to exploit this vulnerability, making lateral movement within networked environments a significant risk.
Windows SMB contains an improper access control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33073, CVSS 8.8) enabling authenticated attackers to escalate privileges over the network. KEV-listed with EPSS 57.6% and public PoC, this vulnerability in the core Windows file sharing protocol affects every Windows system on the network, enabling lateral movement from any compromised domain account to SYSTEM-level access on SMB-accessible systems.
Windows Internet Shortcut Files (.url) contain an external control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33053, CVSS 8.8) that enables remote code execution over a network. KEV-listed with EPSS 48.5% and public PoC, this vulnerability allows attackers to craft malicious .url files that execute arbitrary code when opened, bypassing the security restrictions normally applied to internet-sourced shortcut files.
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation through a null pointer dereference, exploited in May 2025.
Windows CLFS Driver contains an input validation flaw enabling local privilege escalation, yet another CLFS kernel vulnerability in the May 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains another use-after-free for local privilege escalation, the latest in a series of CLFS kernel vulnerabilities exploited throughout 2023-2025.
Microsoft Scripting Engine contains a type confusion vulnerability allowing unauthorized remote code execution over the network through crafted content processed by the scripting engine.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in April 2025. CLFS driver vulnerabilities have become a recurring Windows kernel exploit target.
A security feature bypass in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) allows attackers to evade security warnings and execute malicious code locally. KEV-listed and tracked as CVE-2025-26633, this vulnerability has been actively exploited by the Water Gamayun threat group (also tracked as EncryptHub) using crafted .msc files to deploy info-stealing malware. Public PoC is available and EPSS is 7.1%.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a heap-based buffer overflow enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM, exploited in the wild in February 2025.
Windows Storage contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability through symlink following that allows authorized attackers to delete targeted files, enabling privilege escalation.
Active Directory Domain Services contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability that allows authenticated domain users to escalate to domain administrator. The vulnerability enables lateral movement and complete domain compromise from any authenticated position within the Active Directory environment.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Authentication vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.
NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability could allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
Microsoft Management Console Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting type confusion in the application.
Windows Power Dependency Coordinator Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0).
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Windows Kernel-Mode Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows Kernel contains a TOCTOU race condition vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, exploited by the OilRig (APT34/Iranian) group for government network compromise.
Windows DWM Core Library Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Windows Error Reporting Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Code Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application.
Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Microsoft WordPad Information Disclosure Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Denial of service against HTTP/2 server implementations allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust server resources by rapidly opening and immediately canceling (RST_STREAM) large numbers of streams over a single connection, a technique dubbed the 'Rapid Reset' attack. The flaw is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV) following large-scale weaponization observed August through October 2023, with publicly available exploit code and an EPSS score of 94.45% placing it in the 100th percentile for likelihood of exploitation. Virtually every major HTTP/2 stack - including nghttp2, Netty, Envoy, and Eclipse Jetty - is affected.
Windows Search Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Windows Error Reporting Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Microsoft Streaming Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). Public exploit code available.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
Windows Graphics Component Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Scripting Languages Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows COM+ Event System Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting type confusion in the application.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Client Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows MSDT (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool) allows remote code execution when called via the ms-msdt URL protocol from Office documents, known as 'Follina', exploited as a zero-day from April 2022 in targeted attacks.
Windows Telephony Service on multiple Windows versions (10, 11, Server 2008/2022) contains an improper file path control vulnerability that enables authenticated attackers on the same network to escalate privileges to system level. An attacker with local user credentials can manipulate file name or path parameters to achieve elevated privileges without user interaction. No patch is currently available, though the vulnerability has high exploitability potential (EPSS 0.8%).
Windows HTTP.sys contains an access control weakness that enables authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges on affected Windows systems including Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016/2019. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity and existing user credentials but grants complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue.
Privilege escalation in Windows SMB Server (versions 10 22h2, 11 23h2, and 11 25h2) stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, allowing authenticated network attackers to elevate privileges. The race condition vulnerability requires specific timing conditions but carries high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Privilege escalation in Windows SMB Server (2022, 2025) stems from improper synchronization of concurrent resource access, enabling authenticated network attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific conditions to trigger but provides high-impact unauthorized access when successfully exploited. No patch is currently available for affected systems.
Windows SMB Server contains a race condition in concurrent resource handling that enables authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges on affected systems including Windows 10 22H2, Windows 10 1607, and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity and network access from an authenticated user, but carries high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue (CVSS 7.5).
Remote denial of service in Windows LSASS affects Windows 10 and 11 through a null pointer dereference that an unauthenticated attacker can trigger over the network. The vulnerability causes service unavailability but does not enable code execution or data theft. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems vulnerable until Microsoft releases a fix.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) across Windows 11 23h2, Windows Server 2012, and 2019 stems from improper synchronization in shared resource handling, enabling authenticated attackers to elevate privileges on affected systems. The vulnerability requires local access and specific timing conditions to exploit, with no patch currently available. This affects systems running the impacted Windows and Server editions where authenticated users may achieve system-level privileges.
Remote code execution in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 variants through a heap-based buffer overflow triggered over the network without authentication. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with high privileges, though a user interaction is required to trigger the flaw. No patch is currently available, making this a critical risk for exposed systems.
Windows 10 1607 is affected by access of resource using incompatible type (type confusion) (CVSS 7.8).
Remote code execution in Windows Server Update Service affects Windows 11 25h2, Windows Server 2025, 2022, and 2016 due to inadequate input validation, enabling unauthenticated network-based attackers to execute arbitrary code with high impact. The vulnerability requires specific conditions to exploit (high complexity) but carries significant risk across widely-deployed server infrastructure with no patch currently available.
Windows Hello privilege escalation on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2019 allows local attackers without credentials to tamper with system integrity through incorrect privilege assignment. The vulnerability requires local access but no user interaction, enabling unauthorized modifications to protected resources. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue affecting multiple Windows versions.
Windows Kerberos authentication in multiple Windows versions accepts untrusted input during security decisions, enabling authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607 and 1809), Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2025, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to gain elevated system access across the network.
Privilege escalation via race condition in Windows SMB Server affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2022 23h2, allowing authenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges over the network. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization when handling concurrent access to shared resources, and no patch is currently available. With a CVSS score of 7.5, this poses a significant risk to organizations using affected Windows versions.
Windows Clipboard Server contains a use-after-free vulnerability affecting Windows 10 (versions 21H2 and 1809) and Windows Server 2022 (23H2) that enables local privilege escalation without requiring user interaction. An attacker with local access can exploit this memory safety flaw to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Local privilege escalation in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022, allowing authenticated users to gain system-level access through improper access control mechanisms. An attacker with local user credentials can exploit this vulnerability to obtain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk until Microsoft releases a security update.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel on Windows 11 and Linux systems results from improper synchronization of concurrent access to shared resources, allowing authenticated local attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific timing conditions to exploit but impacts multiple Windows versions and Linux distributions. No patch is currently available for this race condition vulnerability.
Privileged local attackers can exploit a use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows RPC IDL subsystem to gain system-level code execution on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2022 systems. The vulnerability requires local access and valid credentials but allows complete compromise of the target system with no user interaction required. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an authorized low-privileged user win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use race to elevate to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025). Exploitation requires local code execution and reliably winning a narrow timing window, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile) and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of active exploitation.
Local privilege escalation in the Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) subsystem of Microsoft Windows lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user win a race condition (CWE-362) to gain higher privileges. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Windows Server 2016 through 2025) and, per its high-integrity/high-confidentiality/high-availability impact, can yield full SYSTEM-level control on a compromised host. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates near-term mass exploitation as very low (0.03%).
Privilege escalation in Microsoft Graphics Component on Windows 11 25h2 and Windows Server 2019 exploits a use-after-free condition, enabling authenticated local attackers to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability requires moderate complexity to exploit and affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. No patch is currently available.
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Common Log File System Driver (affecting Windows 10 1607, Server 2016, and Server 2022 23h2) enables authenticated local users to achieve complete system compromise through privilege escalation. The vulnerability requires valid credentials but no user interaction, making it a direct path to administrative control for insiders or attackers with initial access. No patch is currently available, leaving affected systems at elevated risk pending remediation.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/Windows Installer service) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race and gain SYSTEM-level privileges across supported Windows client and server releases. Exploitation requires local access and winning a narrow timing window, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting the high attack complexity and lack of observed exploitation.
Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel affects Linux, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 10 1607 through a race condition in shared resource synchronization. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Privilege escalation in Windows Kernel Memory affects Windows 10 21h2 and Windows Server 2022 23h2, exploitable by local authenticated users through a race condition between permission checks and memory access. An attacker with local access can leverage this window to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available.
Desktop Windows Manager on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 leaks sensitive information to local authenticated users, enabling disclosure of confidential data without modifying or disrupting system functionality. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited and affects multiple Windows versions with no patch currently available. An authorized attacker can exploit this with minimal complexity to extract sensitive information from the system.
Windows Hello privilege elevation flaw in Windows 10 21h2, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2022 23h2 enables local attackers to modify system data without authorization. The vulnerability stems from improper privilege assignment that bypasses access controls, allowing an unauthenticated attacker with local access to tamper with protected resources. Currently no patch is available and exploitation requires only local access with no special conditions or user interaction.
Windows Deployment Services contains improper access control that enables unauthenticated attackers on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code with high privileges on affected Windows and Windows Server systems. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Server 2012, 2019, and 2022 variants, with no patch currently available. An adjacent network attacker requires only network proximity to exploit this vulnerability, making lateral movement within networked environments a significant risk.
Windows SMB contains an improper access control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33073, CVSS 8.8) enabling authenticated attackers to escalate privileges over the network. KEV-listed with EPSS 57.6% and public PoC, this vulnerability in the core Windows file sharing protocol affects every Windows system on the network, enabling lateral movement from any compromised domain account to SYSTEM-level access on SMB-accessible systems.
Windows Internet Shortcut Files (.url) contain an external control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33053, CVSS 8.8) that enables remote code execution over a network. KEV-listed with EPSS 48.5% and public PoC, this vulnerability allows attackers to craft malicious .url files that execute arbitrary code when opened, bypassing the security restrictions normally applied to internet-sourced shortcut files.
In IGEL OS before 11, Secure Boot can be bypassed because the igel-flash-driver module improperly verifies a cryptographic signature. Ultimately, a crafted root filesystem can be mounted from an unverified SquashFS image.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation through a null pointer dereference, exploited in May 2025.
Windows CLFS Driver contains an input validation flaw enabling local privilege escalation, yet another CLFS kernel vulnerability in the May 2025 Patch Tuesday.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains another use-after-free for local privilege escalation, the latest in a series of CLFS kernel vulnerabilities exploited throughout 2023-2025.
Microsoft Scripting Engine contains a type confusion vulnerability allowing unauthorized remote code execution over the network through crafted content processed by the scripting engine.
Windows Common Log File System Driver contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation, exploited in the wild in April 2025. CLFS driver vulnerabilities have become a recurring Windows kernel exploit target.
A security feature bypass in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) allows attackers to evade security warnings and execute malicious code locally. KEV-listed and tracked as CVE-2025-26633, this vulnerability has been actively exploited by the Water Gamayun threat group (also tracked as EncryptHub) using crafted .msc files to deploy info-stealing malware. Public PoC is available and EPSS is 7.1%.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a heap-based buffer overflow enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM, exploited in the wild in February 2025.
Windows Storage contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability through symlink following that allows authorized attackers to delete targeted files, enabling privilege escalation.
Active Directory Domain Services contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability that allows authenticated domain users to escalate to domain administrator. The vulnerability enables lateral movement and complete domain compromise from any authenticated position within the Active Directory environment.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Authentication vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.
NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability could allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
Microsoft Management Console Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting type confusion in the application.
Windows Power Dependency Coordinator Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0).
Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Windows Kernel-Mode Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows Kernel contains a TOCTOU race condition vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, exploited by the OilRig (APT34/Iranian) group for government network compromise.
Windows DWM Core Library Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Windows Error Reporting Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Code Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application.
Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Microsoft WordPad Information Disclosure Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Denial of service against HTTP/2 server implementations allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust server resources by rapidly opening and immediately canceling (RST_STREAM) large numbers of streams over a single connection, a technique dubbed the 'Rapid Reset' attack. The flaw is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV) following large-scale weaponization observed August through October 2023, with publicly available exploit code and an EPSS score of 94.45% placing it in the 100th percentile for likelihood of exploitation. Virtually every major HTTP/2 stack - including nghttp2, Netty, Envoy, and Eclipse Jetty - is affected.
Windows Search Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Windows Error Reporting Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows MSHTML Platform Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Microsoft Streaming Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). Public exploit code available.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
Windows Graphics Component Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Scripting Languages Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows COM+ Event System Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (Type Confusion) vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting type confusion in the application.
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Windows Client Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Windows MSDT (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool) allows remote code execution when called via the ms-msdt URL protocol from Office documents, known as 'Follina', exploited as a zero-day from April 2022 in targeted attacks.