What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-32709?

CVE-2025-32709 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.0%.

Is CVE-2025-32709 being actively exploited?

Yes, CVE-2025-32709 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, confirming active in-the-wild exploitation. Immediate patching is required.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-32709?

Within 24 hours: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches immediately. If patching is delayed, consider network segmentation to limit exposure.

Windows CVE-2025-32709

HIGH

Use After Free (CWE-416)

2025-05-13 secure@microsoft.com

Windows Denial Of Service Use After Free Memory Corruption Microsoft Windows 10 1507 Windows 10 1607 Windows 10 1809 Windows 10 21h2 Windows 10 22h2 Windows 11 22h2 Windows 11 23h2 Windows 11 24h2 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2022 23h2 Windows Server 2025

7.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-416 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	High risk (CVSS 7.8). AFD.sys, like CLFS, is a recurring kernel exploitation target. Its role in Winsock operations ensures it's loaded on every Windows system.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Local exploit triggered through crafted Winsock operations that cause the AFD driver to dereference a null pointer in a controllable way, leading to kernel code execution and SYSTEM privilege escalation.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: Active threat signals + CRITICAL/HIGH severity.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) No patch listed yet 1.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock contains a use-after-free enabling local privilege escalation through a null pointer dereference, exploited in May 2025.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 28, 2026 - 18:41 CVSS 7.8

A use-after-free (manifesting as null pointer dereference) in Windows AFD.sys enables local privilege escalation. AFD.sys is a frequent target due to its always-loaded status and user-mode accessibility.

RemediationAI

Apply May 2025 security updates.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The CWE-416 vulnerability in afd.sys causes a null pointer dereference condition that can be exploited for privilege escalation through controlled kernel memory access patterns.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH

AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Added to CISA KEV

Feb 13, 2026 - 21:37 cisa

CISA KEV

CVE Published

May 13, 2025 - 17:16 nvd

HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock face notable risk from CVE-2025-32709, a use-after-free vulnerability rated CVSS 7.8. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild (KEV-listed) and requires immediate remediation. Immediate patching is required per CISA KEV mandate.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Enable ASLR and DEP where available; (2) Implement network segmentation; (3) Monitor for exploitation indicators.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

1.0%

Top 23% exploitable

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

CISA KEV

EPSS

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV Yes

Public POC No

EPSS 1.0%

Patch available No

Active threat Yes

Deciding rule

Active threat signals + CRITICAL/HIGH severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

Active

System Exposure· derived

Small

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: +50

EPSS: +1

CVSS: +39

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Use After Free HIGH

Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.

Memory Corruption HIGH

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x86:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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References

Advisories & patches

ADVISORY https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-32709 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/308718 REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32709

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