Denial Of Service

LiteSpeed QUIC (LSQUIC) Library before 4.3.1 has an lsquic_engine_packet_in memory leak. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In bootloader, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A flaw exists within the Linux kernel's handling of new TCP connections. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

Out-of-bounds read in macOS file processing can expose sensitive memory and crash applications when victims open maliciously crafted files. Affects macOS Ventura 13.x, Sonoma 14.x, and Sequoia 15.x prior to patched versions (13.7.7, 14.7.7, 15.6 respectively). Requires local access and user interaction (CVSS AV:L/UI:R). EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation likelihood. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis, suggesting low immediate threat despite CVSS 7.1 rating.

Memory corruption vulnerabilities in Apple's graphics texture processing engine across iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS allow remote code execution via maliciously crafted texture files. Affects all major Apple platforms prior to July 2025 updates (iOS/iPadOS 18.6, macOS Sequoia 15.6, tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, watchOS 11.6). Despite a critical CVSS 9.8 score indicating network-exploitable remote code execution without authentication, EPSS shows only 0.18% exploitation probability (40th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The vulnerability requires processing specially crafted texture data, likely through applications handling untrusted image or 3D content.

Out-of-bounds memory access in Apple media processing components affects iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, and visionOS, allowing local attackers to crash applications or corrupt memory via malicious media files. Fixed in iOS/iPadOS 18.6, macOS Sequoia 15.6, tvOS 18.6, and visionOS 2.6. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, suggesting lower immediate risk despite CVSS 7.1 rating.

Improper input validation in Apple's network configuration subsystem across iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS allows unauthenticated remote attackers to trigger denial-of-service conditions and enables non-privileged local users to modify restricted network settings. Fixed in iOS/iPadOS 18.6/17.7.9, macOS Sequoia 15.6, Sonoma 14.7.7, Ventura 13.7.7, tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, and watchOS 11.6. EPSS score of 0.15% (36th percentile) indicates low predicted exploitation probability, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free memory corruption in Apple's operating systems (iPadOS 17.x, macOS Sequoia 15.x, Sonoma 14.x, Ventura 13.x) allows network-based attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability was remediated by removing the vulnerable code entirely rather than patching it. Despite a critical CVSS 9.8 score, EPSS indicates only 0.08% exploitation probability (24th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Apple released patches in July 2025 across all affected platforms simultaneously.

Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Apple media processing frameworks allows local attackers to cause application crashes or disclose sensitive process memory by tricking users into opening malicious media files. Affects iOS/iPadOS 18.x, macOS Sequoia 15.x, tvOS 18.x, and visionOS 2.x prior to July 2025 security updates. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating minimal observed exploitation activity. User interaction required (opening crafted file) reduces immediate risk despite 7.1 CVSS score.

Safari and Apple operating systems contain a use-after-free vulnerability in web content processing that causes unexpected application crashes when users visit maliciously crafted websites. The flaw affects Safari 18.5 and earlier, iOS 18.5 and earlier, iPadOS 18.5 and earlier (also iPadOS 17.7.8 and earlier), macOS Sequoia 15.5 and earlier, tvOS 18.5 and earlier, visionOS 2.5 and earlier, and watchOS 11.5 and earlier. Remote attackers can trigger a denial-of-service condition requiring only user interaction to visit a malicious page, with no elevated privileges required. Apple has released patches for all affected platforms; the EPSS score of 0.10% (28th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite the accessibility of the attack vector.

Safari and related Apple platforms crash when processing maliciously crafted web content due to a memory handling vulnerability (buffer overflow). Affects Safari 18.5 and earlier, iOS 18.5 and earlier, iPadOS 18.5 and earlier, macOS Sequoia 15.5 and earlier, tvOS 18.5 and earlier, visionOS 2.5 and earlier, and watchOS 11.5 and earlier. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger a denial of service by hosting or injecting malicious web content, with user interaction required to visit the affected content. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed (EPSS 0.08% indicates minimal real-world exploitation activity to date).

Denial-of-service vulnerability in Apple's WebKit engine affects Safari, iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS through improper memory handling during web content processing. Local attackers without authentication can trigger this vulnerability via crafted web content to cause application crashes. Vendor-released patches are available across all affected platforms; EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation likelihood despite the moderate CVSS 6.2 rating.

Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in WebKit across Apple's entire operating system ecosystem allows remote code execution via maliciously crafted web content without user interaction or authentication. Affects iOS, iPadOS, macOS (Ventura through Sequoia), tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS prior to July 2025 security updates. Despite a critical 9.8 CVSS score indicating maximum severity, EPSS probability remains low at 0.14% (34th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, suggesting limited observed exploitation attempts despite the theoretical remote attack surface.

Memory handling flaw in macOS allows remote denial-of-service via malicious application, affecting Sequoia 15.x, Sonoma 14.x, and Ventura 13.x systems prior to July 2025 security updates. Despite a critical 9.8 CVSS score indicating network-accessible attack with no authentication required, EPSS probability is low (0.10%, 27th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The severity rating appears inconsistent with the described impact (DoS only, no code execution), suggesting CVSS vector may require validation against actual attack requirements.

Buffer overflow memory corruption in Apple file parsing components allows remote code execution across iOS 18.6, iPadOS 18.6, macOS (Sequoia 15.6, Sonoma 14.7.7, Ventura 13.7.7), tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, and watchOS 11.6. Unauthenticated attackers can trigger arbitrary code execution by delivering a maliciously crafted file requiring no user interaction beyond parsing. Despite CVSS 9.8 critical severity, EPSS score of 0.16% (37th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and not listed in CISA KEV, suggesting theoretical risk exceeds current real-world threat activity.

Memory handling flaws in Apple's operating systems allow unauthenticated remote attackers to cause information disclosure and application crashes by sending maliciously crafted files. Affects iOS 18.x prior to 18.6, iPadOS 18.x prior to 18.6, macOS Sequoia prior to 15.6, tvOS prior to 18.6, and visionOS prior to 2.6. CVSS 9.1 (Critical) reflects network-accessible attack vector with no authentication required, though EPSS probability remains low at 0.12% (32nd percentile), and no public exploit or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Remote denial-of-service in Apple operating systems (iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, watchOS) allows unauthenticated network attackers to trigger unexpected system termination via improved checks bypass. Affects multiple OS versions prior to their respective May 2025 updates (iOS/iPadOS 18.5/17.7.9, macOS Sequoia 15.5/Ventura 13.7.7, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, watchOS 11.5). No public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS probability of 0.27% (51st percentile) suggests relatively low observed exploitation activity, though the network-accessible attack vector and lack of authentication requirements (CVSS AV:N/PR:N) create broad exposure surface across Apple's ecosystem.

A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web service of multiple TP-Link router models including TL-WR841N v11, TL-WR842ND v2, and TL-WR494N v3, caused by missing input validation in /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm.htm. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to crash the web service and cause a denial-of-service condition. The vulnerability has a low exploitation likelihood with EPSS score of 0.06% and affects products that are no longer supported by TP-Link.

Denial of service in GNOME GLib on Windows platforms occurs when an application uses GLib's process-spawning functions with excessively long command lines, causing the spawn operation to fail or crash the host process and disrupt availability. The flaw affects the GLib library's Windows command-line handling and impacts any Windows application that links GLib and passes attacker-influenced long argument strings to a child process. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; despite Red Hat tags mentioning RCE/Code Injection, the CVSS impact metrics confirm availability-only impact (C:N/I:N/A:H).

Denial of service in Linux kernel net/sched subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to trigger a kernel panic (BUG_ON) by manipulating HTB qdisc (hierarchical token bucket queue discipline) configuration with nested qdisc classes, causing htb_lookup_leaf to encounter an empty rbtree. The vulnerability requires low privilege and local access; no special user interaction is needed once a malicious qdisc configuration is set up. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel series.

Null pointer dereference in GNU Binutils 2.44 BFD Library function bfd_elf_get_str_section causes denial of service when processing malformed ELF files locally. The vulnerability requires local access with limited privileges (PR:L) and publicly available exploit code exists, though EPSS scoring (0.04%, 12th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite public disclosure.

Use-after-free vulnerability in LibTIFF up to version 4.7.0 affects the get_histogram function in tiffmedian.c, allowing local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service or limited data corruption. Despite a critical severity declaration and publicly available exploit code, the CVSS 4.0 vector assigns a low score (1.9) due to local-only access requirements, high attack complexity constraints, and limited impact scope; EPSS places real exploitation probability at 0.03%, suggesting this remains a low-priority issue in typical deployments.

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8400 16.07.26A1. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file usb_paswd.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument share_enable leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Linux kernel RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) header validation in the AMD GPU driver (amdgpu) lacks input sanitization, allowing a local authenticated attacker to trigger denial of service through excessive memory allocation when reading corrupted EEPROM data. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable amdgpu driver code path and requires local access with standard user privileges. No public exploit code has been identified; the EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite the moderate CVSS 5.5 rating.

A null pointer dereference vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's interrupt simulation (genirq/irq_sim) subsystem where uninitialized pointers in the work context can be dereferenced, leading to kernel denial of service. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions including 6.16-rc1 and 6.16-rc2, and potentially earlier stable releases. A local attacker with unprivileged user privileges can trigger a kernel crash by invoking interrupt simulation functionality, causing system unavailability. Patches are available from the Linux kernel stable repositories, and exploitation probability is low (EPSS 0.02%, percentile 6%) despite the moderate CVSS score of 5.5.

Null pointer dereference in Linux kernel maple_tree memory allocator causes denial of service when the MA_STATE_PREALLOC flag is incorrectly managed during node allocation requests. Local authenticated attackers can trigger this via memory operations that request large numbers of nodes, such as VMA merges during mmap_region() calls, leading to WARN_ON() messages followed by kernel crash. Affects Linux kernel versions including 6.16 release candidates and is confirmed patched in stable branches.

HTTP denial-of-service in Kron Technologies Kron PAM (all versions before 3.7) allows a low-privileged authenticated remote attacker to exhaust server resources through unthrottled HTTP request processing. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) confirms the attack is network-reachable at low complexity, requiring only a valid user account, with full availability impact and no scope change. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability has not been added to the CISA KEV catalog; EPSS sits at 0.28% (52nd percentile), indicating low-to-moderate real-world exploitation probability at time of analysis.

NULL pointer dereference in libssh crashes SSH clients or servers during the key exchange (KEX) process when a cryptographic memory allocation fails and the resulting NULL pointer is subsequently dereferenced. Affected products span all libssh versions per CPE data, with confirmed patching by Red Hat (RHSA-2026:18683) and upstream fixes committed to the libssh repository. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.03% (8th percentile) reflects very low observed exploitation interest, consistent with the local access requirement and high attack complexity.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in vBulletin 3.8.7 allows an authenticated forum user to crash the forum by requesting the misc.php?do=buddylist endpoint when their buddy list is sufficiently large, exhausting server memory and causing a denial-of-service condition. The affected version (3.8.7) is a legacy release of the vBulletin PHP forum software, limiting the real-world attack surface to older, unmaintained deployments. No public exploit identified at time of analysis via CISA KEV, but a publicly available proof-of-concept exists on GitHub; EPSS sits at 0.25% (16th percentile), indicating low exploitation probability in the current threat landscape.

Null pointer dereference in Firefox and Thunderbird JavaScript engines allows remote attackers to cause denial of service via malformed closed generator objects. The vulnerability affects Firefox versions below 141, Firefox ESR versions below 115.26/128.13/140.1, Thunderbird versions below 141/128.13/140.1, and is triggered when a user visits a malicious webpage or opens a crafted email containing JavaScript that improperly resumes a closed generator. While the CVSS score is 6.5 (medium-high), the impact is limited to availability-no information disclosure or code execution is possible.

Availability disruption in the H3C GR2200 router (firmware MiniGR1A0V100R016) arises because its bundled bftpd FTP daemon ships with USERLIMIT_GLOBAL set to 0 in /etc/bftpd.conf, imposing no ceiling on concurrent FTP sessions. Remote attackers can open large numbers of simultaneous connections to exhaust device sockets, memory, and CPU, degrading or crashing the FTP service and potentially the router itself. A public technical writeup exists and EPSS is modest (0.52%, 40th percentile); there is no public exploit identified beyond that writeup and no evidence of active exploitation (not listed in CISA KEV).

Uncontrolled resource consumption in the TRENDnet TPL-430AP powerline access point (firmware FW1.0) stems from its bundled bftpd FTP daemon shipping with USERLIMIT_GLOBAL=0, which imposes no cap on concurrent connections. A remote attacker can open unlimited simultaneous FTP sessions to exhaust device memory and connection resources, rendering the access point unresponsive (availability-only impact, no data compromise). No public exploit code has been confirmed, though a researcher gist and writeup describing the issue exist; EPSS risk is modest at 0.52% and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.

Heap buffer overflow in 7-Zip's RAR5 handler writes zeroes beyond allocated heap memory, causing memory corruption and denial of service in versions prior to 25.0.0. Local attackers can trigger this vulnerability by crafting malicious RAR5 archive files. Publicly available exploit code exists, making this a moderate-priority local vulnerability despite its network-isolated attack surface.

Arbitrary file deletion in Counter live visitors for WooCommerce plugin (WordPress) versions ≤1.3.6 allows unauthenticated attackers to delete entire directories on the server through insufficient path validation in wcvisitor_get_block function. Exploitation wipes all files within targeted directories, causing data loss or denial of service. Attack requires no authentication (CVSS PR:N). No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

NanoMQ v0.22.10 was discovered to contain a memory leak which allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PUBLISH message.

NanoMQ v0.22.10 was discovered to contain a heap overflow which allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted CONNECT message.

CVE-2024-42646 is a segmentation fault vulnerability in NanoMQ v0.21.10 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to trigger a denial of service condition by sending specially crafted messages. This is a network-accessible DoS vulnerability with high availability impact (CVSS 7.5) that affects message broker deployments. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it easily exploitable in production environments.

A vulnerability was found in chinese-poetry 0.1. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file rank/server.js. The manipulation leads to inefficient regular expression complexity. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

py-libp2p before 0.2.3 allows a peer to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large RSA key.

In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.33, 8.2.* before 8.2.29, 8.3.* before 8.3.23, 8.4.* before 8.4.10 when parsing XML data in SOAP extensions, overly large (>2Gb) XML namespace prefix may lead to null pointer dereference. This may lead to crashes and affect the availability of the target server.

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Open5GS up to 2.7.3. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ngap_recv_handler/s1ap_recv_handler/recv_handler of the component SCTP Partial Message Handler. The manipulation leads to reachable assertion. The attack needs to be approached locally. The patch is named cfa44575020f3fb045fd971358442053c8684d3d. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in Artifex GhostPDL up to 3989415a5b8e99b9d1b87cc9902bde9b7cdea145. It has been classified as problematic. This affects the function pdf_ferror of the file devices/vector/gdevpdf.c of the component New Output File Open Error Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier of the patch is 619a106ba4c4abed95110f84d5efcd7aee38c7cb. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

CVE-2025-24294 is a Denial of Service vulnerability in DNS packet parsing libraries (specifically the resolv library) caused by insufficient validation of decompressed domain name lengths. An attacker can send a crafted DNS packet with a highly compressed domain name that, when decompressed, consumes excessive CPU resources without limit, causing the parsing thread to become unresponsive. The vulnerability affects any application using the vulnerable resolv library and has a CVSS score of 7.5 (high severity); real-world exploitation probability and active exploitation status cannot be confirmed without EPSS score and KEV data.

CVE-2023-38036 is a critical unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability in Ivanti Avalanche Manager prior to version 6.4.1 that allows remote attackers to cause denial of service or achieve arbitrary code execution without authentication. With a CVSS score of 9.8 and network-based attack vector, this vulnerability has significant real-world exploitability risk and affects all organizations deploying vulnerable Avalanche Manager instances.

Open OnDemand is an open-source HPC portal. Users can flood logs by interacting with the shell app and generating many errors. Users who flood logs can create very large log files causing a Denial of Service (DoS) to the ondemand system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.1.14 and 4.0.6.

CVE-2025-30403 is a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in Meta's mvfst QUIC implementation that allows remote attackers without privileges to trigger memory corruption and cause denial of service or potentially read sensitive data from heap memory. The vulnerability affects mvfst versions prior to v2025.07.07.00 and requires user interaction (opening a malicious QUIC connection), with a high CVSS score of 8.1 reflecting the severity of memory safety issues, though KEV status and EPSS probability data are not currently available in public disclosures.

A Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a local, low privileged user to cause an impact to the availability of the device. When RIB sharding is enabled and a user executes one of several routing related 'show' commands, a certain amount of memory is leaked. When all available memory has been consumed rpd will crash and restart. The leak can be monitored with the CLI command: show task memory detail | match task_shard_mgmt_cookie where the allocated memory in bytes can be seen to continuously increase with each exploitation. This issue affects: Junos OS: * all versions before 21.2R3-S9, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S11, * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S7, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S7, * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S4,  * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R2, * 24.4 versions before 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2; Junos OS Evolved: * all versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO * 22.4-EVO versions before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * 23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * 23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * 24.2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-EVO,  * 24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R2-EVO.

A NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause impact to the availability of the device. When static route points to a reject next hop and a gNMI query is processed for that static route, rpd crashes and restarts. This issue affects: Junos OS:  * all versions before 21.2R3-S9, * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S10,  * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S6, * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S3, * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R1-S2, 24.2R2; Junos OS Evolved: * all versions before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * 23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S3-EVO, * 23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * 24.2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-EVO.

An Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in the SIP ALG of Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MS-MPC allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). When an MX Series device with an MS-MPC is configured with two or more service sets which are both processing SIP calls, a specific sequence of call events will lead to a crash and restart of the MS-MPC. This issue affects Junos OS: * all versions before 21.2R3-S9, * 21.4 versions from 21.4R1, * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6, * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S6. As the MS-MPC is EoL after Junos OS 22.4, later versions are not affected. This issue does not affect MX-SPC3 or SRX Series devices.

A denial of service vulnerability (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.

A denial of service vulnerability (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.

A Reachable Assertion vulnerability in the Routing Protocol Daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS). When the device receives a specific BGP UPDATE packet, the rpd crashes and restarts. Continuous receipt of this specific packet will cause a sustained DoS condition. For the issue to occur, BGP multipath with "pause-computation-during-churn" must be configured on the device, and the attacker must send the paths via a BGP UPDATE from a established BGP peer. This issue affects: Junos OS: * All versions before 21.4R3-S7, * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S5, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2. Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 21.4R3-S7-EVO, * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3-EVO, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-EVO, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-EVO.

A Reachable Assertion vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved devices, when route validation is enabled, a rare condition during BGP initial session establishment can lead to an rpd crash and restart. This occurs specifically when the connection request fails during error-handling scenario. Continued session establishment failures leads to a sustained DoS condition.  This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 22.2R3-S6, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2; Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.2R3-S6-EVO, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6-EVO, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3-EVO, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-EVO.

An Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to cause a memory corruption that leads to a rpd crash.  When the logical interface using a routing instance flaps continuously, specific updates are sent to the jflow/sflow modules. This results in memory corruption, leading to an rpd crash and restart.  Continued receipt of these specific updates will cause a sustained Denial of Service condition. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * All versions of 21.4, * All versions of 22.2, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2. Junos OS Evolved:  * All versions of 21.2-EVO,  * All versions of 21.4-EVO,  * All versions of 22.2-EVO,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7-EVO,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3-EVO,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4-EVO,  * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-EVO.

An Expected Behavior Violation vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending a valid BGP UPDATE packet to cause a BGP session reset, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).  Continuous receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability. This issue affects Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S11, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S4, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2, * from 24.4 before 24.4R1-S3, 24.4R2 Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO, * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S7-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-EVO, * from 24.4-EVO before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.

An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the connectivity fault management (CFM) daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MPC-BUILTIN, MPC1 through MPC9 line cards allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to send a malformed packet to the device, leading to an FPC crash and restart, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). Continued receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects Juniper Networks: Junos OS: * All versions before 22.2R3-S1, * from 22.4 before 22.4R2. This feature is not enabled by default.

An Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a logically adjacent BGP peer sending a specifically malformed BGP packet to cause rpd to crash and restart, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). Continued receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Only systems configured for Ethernet Virtual Private Networking (EVPN) signaling are vulnerable to this issue.  This issue affects iBGP and eBGP, and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability.This issue affects: Junos OS:  * all versions before 21.4R3-S11,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S4,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S5,  * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S1,  * from 24.4 before 24.4R1-S3, 24.4R2;  Junos OS Evolved:  * all versions before 22.2R3-S7-EVO,  * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S7-EVO,  * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S4-EVO,  * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S5-EVO,  * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-S1-EVO,  * from 24.4-EVO before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.

An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker, in rare cases, sending specific, unknown traffic patterns to cause the FPC and system to crash and restart. BPF provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol independent fashion. Internally within the Junos kernel, due to a rare timing issue (race condition), when a BPF instance is cloned, the newly created interface causes an internal structure leakage, leading to a system crash. The precise content and timing of the traffic patterns is indeterminate, but has been seen in a lab environment multiple times. This issue is more likely to occur when packet capturing is enabled.  See required configuration below. This issue affects Junos OS:  * all versions before 21.2R3-S9,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,  * from 24.2 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.

An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in route processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS on specific end-of-life (EOL) ACX Series platforms allows an attacker to crash the Forwarding Engine Board (FEB) by flapping an interface, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS). On ACX1000, ACX1100, ACX2000, ACX2100, ACX2200, ACX4000, ACX5048, and ACX5096 devices, FEB0 will crash when the primary path port of the L2 circuit IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) on the local device goes down. This issue is seen only when 'hot-standby' mode is configured for the L2 circuit. This issue affects Junos OS on ACX1000, ACX1100, ACX2000, ACX2100, ACX2200, ACX4000, ACX5048, and ACX5096:  * all versions before 21.2R3-S9.

A denial of service vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) that allows an attacker sending a bgp update with a specifically malformed as path. High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was discovered in the Hugging Face Transformers library, specifically within the DonutProcessor class's `token2json()` method. This vulnerability affects versions 4.50.3 and earlier, and is fixed in version 4.52.1. The issue arises from the regex pattern `<s_(.*?)>` which can be exploited to cause excessive CPU consumption through crafted input strings due to catastrophic backtracking. This vulnerability can lead to service disruption, resource exhaustion, and potential API service vulnerabilities, impacting document processing tasks using the Donut model.

When passing values outside of the expected range to QColorTransferGenericFunction it can cause a denial of service, for example, this can happen when passing a specifically crafted ICC profile to QColorSpace::fromICCProfile.This issue affects Qt from 6.6.0 through 6.8.3, from 6.9.0 through 6.9.1. This is fixed in 6.8.4 and 6.9.2.

Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT 10.0.x before 10.0.2 and 9.37.x before 9.37.4 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.

CVE-2025-52579 is a cleartext sensitive data storage vulnerability in Emerson ValveLink Products where cryptographic keys, credentials, or other sensitive information are retained unencrypted in process memory. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this over the network with low complexity to extract sensitive data from memory dumps, core files, or crashed processes, potentially gaining unauthorized access to critical industrial control systems. The CVSS score of 9.4 reflects high confidentiality and integrity impact; however, KEV status, EPSS probability, and active exploitation data are not available in the provided sources, requiring real-time CISA monitoring for confirmation.

CVE-2025-1727 is a critical vulnerability in RF-based remote linking protocols used for End-of-Train (EoT) and Head-of-Train (HoT/FRED) devices in railway operations. The vulnerability exploits a weak BCH checksum implementation that allows attackers to forge brake control commands using software-defined radios (SDR), potentially disrupting train operations or overwhelming brake systems. This affects railway infrastructure globally, with a CVSS score of 8.1 indicating high severity; active exploitation status and proof-of-concept availability are critical factors that determine immediate priority despite the attack requiring physical/adjacent network proximity.

Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. From 1.2.1 until 2.6.2, a packet sent to the routing module that contains want_response==true causes a crash. This can lead to a degradation of service for nodes within range of a malicious sender, or via MQTT if downlink is enabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.2.

A denial of service vulnerability in Honeywell Experion PKS (CVSS 8.2). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.

CVE-2025-53634 is a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in Chall-Manager's HTTP Gateway that lacks request timeout mechanisms, allowing unauthenticated attackers to execute Slow Loris attacks and exhaust server resources. The vulnerability affects Chall-Manager versions prior to v0.1.4 and has a CVSS score of 7.5 (High) with zero authentication requirements. While the vulnerability itself is not marked as actively exploited in public KEV databases, the patch is already available, and the architectural recommendation to isolate Chall-Manager deep within infrastructure significantly reduces real-world exposure.

CVE-2025-53629 is a Denial of Service vulnerability in cpp-httplib versions prior to 0.23.0 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust server memory through maliciously crafted HTTP requests using Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 7.5 (high severity) with a network-based attack vector requiring no authentication, and is fixed in version 0.23.0. This is a resource exhaustion attack with direct availability impact and no known public exploit code referenced in initial disclosures.

A remote code execution vulnerability (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.

Easy File Sharing HTTP Server version 7.2 contains a stack-based buffer overflow triggered by an oversized Email parameter in POST requests to /sendemail.ghp. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this for remote code execution on the Windows server.

CVE-2025-2520 is an uninitialized variable vulnerability in Honeywell Experion PKS's Epic Platform Analyzer (EPA) communications module that enables remote attackers to manipulate communication channels and trigger pointer dereference errors, resulting in denial of service. The vulnerability affects multiple Experion PKS product lines across versions 520.1-520.2 TCU9 and 530-530 TCU3, with a CVSS score of 7.5 indicating high availability impact. No evidence of active exploitation (KEV status) or public POC availability is indicated; however, the network-accessible attack vector and lack of authentication requirements elevate real-world risk for critical industrial control environments.

CVE-2025-52520 is an integer overflow vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's multipart upload handling that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass size limits and trigger denial of service. The vulnerability affects Tomcat versions 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.8, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.42, 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106, and EOL version 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, requiring only network access with no authentication. With a CVSS score of 7.5 (High severity) and an attack vector rated as Network/Low complexity, this represents a significant availability risk for unpatched deployments.

Apache Tomcat contains a race condition vulnerability in the APR/Native connector that can be triggered during concurrent HTTP/2 connection handling, particularly when clients initiate connection closes. The vulnerability affects Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106 (and EOL versions 8.5.0-8.5.100), allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to cause denial of service through improper synchronization of shared resources. With a CVSS score of 7.5 and network-accessible attack vector requiring no authentication, this represents a high-severity availability impact, though no active public exploitation has been confirmed.

A denial of service vulnerability in DiscordNotifications (CVSS 9.1) that allows sending requests. Critical severity with potential for significant impact on affected systems.

CVE-2025-53020 is a late release of memory after effective lifetime vulnerability (use-after-free) in Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.17 through 2.4.63 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to cause denial of service with high availability impact. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 7.5 (high severity) with network-accessible attack vector and low attack complexity, making it easily exploitable without authentication. Affected organizations running vulnerable Apache HTTP Server versions should prioritize upgrading to version 2.4.64 immediately.

CVE-2025-49630 is a denial of service vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.26 through 2.4.63 that can be triggered by untrusted remote clients when a reverse proxy is configured with HTTP/2 backend support and ProxyPreserveHost enabled, causing an assertion failure that crashes the proxy process. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 7.5 (High) with network-accessible attack vector and no authentication required, making it immediately exploitable by unauthenticated remote attackers.

Classic buffer overflow in certain Zoom Clients for Windows may allow an authorised user to conduct a denial of service via network access.

A NULL pointer dereference flaw was found in the GnuTLS software in _gnutls_figure_common_ciphersuite().

Classic buffer overflow in certain Zoom Clients for Windows may allow an authorized user to conduct a denial of service via network access.

CVE-2025-7425 is a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability in libxslt where improper memory management during XSLT tree fragment processing leads to heap corruption and potential code execution. The vulnerability affects libxslt library versions processing XSLT functions like key() that generate tree fragments, allowing local attackers with no privileges to trigger crashes or heap corruption through crafted XSLT stylesheets. While CVSS 7.8 indicates high severity, real-world impact depends on KEV inclusion status and whether public exploits exist; this vulnerability presents significant risk to applications embedding libxslt and processing untrusted XSLT input.

CVE-2025-7424 is a type confusion vulnerability in the libxslt library where the psvi (Post-Schema-Validation Infoset) memory field is reused for both stylesheet and input document processing, enabling memory corruption during XML transformations. This affects any application using vulnerable libxslt versions to process untrusted XML stylesheets or documents, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to trigger denial of service or memory corruption without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has a high CVSS score (7.5) with high availability impact, though real-world exploitation probability and active KEV status require confirmation from official sources.

CVE-2025-38348 is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Linux kernel's p54 WiFi driver (wifi: p54) that allows a malicious or compromised USB device to trigger a memory overflow in the p54_rx_eeprom_readback() function by sending a crafted eeprom_readback message with an inflated length value. An attacker with local access and low privileges can cause denial of service or potentially execute code with kernel privileges; however, exploitation requires the device to first upload vendor firmware (proprietary and not widely distributed), which significantly limits real-world attack surface. The vulnerability is not currently tracked as actively exploited in CISA KEV catalog.

CVE-2025-38346 is a security vulnerability (CVSS 7.8). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation. Vendor patch is available.

CVE-2025-38341 is a double-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's fbnic (Meta Fabric NIC) driver that occurs when DMA-mapping of a firmware message fails. An attacker with local access and low privilege can trigger this memory corruption to achieve code execution or denial of service. The vulnerability affects Linux kernels with the fbnic driver enabled, and while there is no current evidence of active exploitation in the wild, the high CVSS score (7.8) and local attack vector make this a moderate-to-high priority for systems running affected kernel versions.

CVE-2025-38338 is a security vulnerability (CVSS 7.8). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation. Vendor patch is available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: jbd2: fix data-race and null-ptr-deref in jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata() Since handle->h_transaction may be a NULL pointer, so we should change it to call is_handle_aborted(handle) first before dereferencing it. And the following data-race was reported in my fuzzer: ================================================================== BUG: KCSAN: data-race in jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata / jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata write to 0xffff888011024104 of 4 bytes by task 10881 on cpu 1: jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata+0x2a5/0x770 fs/jbd2/transaction.c:1556 __ext4_handle_dirty_metadata+0xe7/0x4b0 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:358 ext4_do_update_inode fs/ext4/inode.c:5220 [inline] ext4_mark_iloc_dirty+0x32c/0xd50 fs/ext4/inode.c:5869 __ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0xe1/0x450 fs/ext4/inode.c:6074 ext4_dirty_inode+0x98/0xc0 fs/ext4/inode.c:6103 .... read to 0xffff888011024104 of 4 bytes by task 10880 on cpu 0: jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata+0xf2/0x770 fs/jbd2/transaction.c:1512 __ext4_handle_dirty_metadata+0xe7/0x4b0 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:358 ext4_do_update_inode fs/ext4/inode.c:5220 [inline] ext4_mark_iloc_dirty+0x32c/0xd50 fs/ext4/inode.c:5869 __ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0xe1/0x450 fs/ext4/inode.c:6074 ext4_dirty_inode+0x98/0xc0 fs/ext4/inode.c:6103 .... value changed: 0x00000000 -> 0x00000001 ================================================================== This issue is caused by missing data-race annotation for jh->b_modified. Therefore, the missing annotation needs to be added.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: cortina: Use TOE/TSO on all TCP It is desireable to push the hardware accelerator to also process non-segmented TCP frames: we pass the skb->len to the "TOE/TSO" offloader and it will handle them. Without this quirk the driver becomes unstable and lock up and and crash. I do not know exactly why, but it is probably due to the TOE (TCP offload engine) feature that is coupled with the segmentation feature - it is not possible to turn one part off and not the other, either both TOE and TSO are active, or neither of them. Not having the TOE part active seems detrimental, as if that hardware feature is not really supposed to be turned off. The datasheet says: "Based on packet parsing and TCP connection/NAT table lookup results, the NetEngine puts the packets belonging to the same TCP connection to the same queue for the software to process. The NetEngine puts incoming packets to the buffer or series of buffers for a jumbo packet. With this hardware acceleration, IP/TCP header parsing, checksum validation and connection lookup are offloaded from the software processing." After numerous tests with the hardware locking up after something between minutes and hours depending on load using iperf3 I have concluded this is necessary to stabilize the hardware.

CVE-2025-38330 is an out-of-bounds memory read vulnerability in the Linux kernel's cs_dsp firmware driver, specifically within KUnit test code for control cache initialization. The vulnerability allows a local attacker with low privileges to read sensitive kernel memory, potentially leading to information disclosure and denial of service. This is a kernel testing/development issue rather than a production runtime vulnerability, with no evidence of active exploitation in the wild.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: jffs2: check jffs2_prealloc_raw_node_refs() result in few other places Fuzzing hit another invalid pointer dereference due to the lack of checking whether jffs2_prealloc_raw_node_refs() completed successfully. Subsequent logic implies that the node refs have been allocated. Handle that. The code is ready for propagating the error upwards. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000008-0x000000000000000f] CPU: 1 PID: 5835 Comm: syz-executor145 Not tainted 5.10.234-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:jffs2_link_node_ref+0xac/0x690 fs/jffs2/nodelist.c:600 Call Trace: jffs2_mark_erased_block fs/jffs2/erase.c:460 [inline] jffs2_erase_pending_blocks+0x688/0x1860 fs/jffs2/erase.c:118 jffs2_garbage_collect_pass+0x638/0x1a00 fs/jffs2/gc.c:253 jffs2_reserve_space+0x3f4/0xad0 fs/jffs2/nodemgmt.c:167 jffs2_write_inode_range+0x246/0xb50 fs/jffs2/write.c:362 jffs2_write_end+0x712/0x1110 fs/jffs2/file.c:302 generic_perform_write+0x2c2/0x500 mm/filemap.c:3347 __generic_file_write_iter+0x252/0x610 mm/filemap.c:3465 generic_file_write_iter+0xdb/0x230 mm/filemap.c:3497 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2039 [inline] do_iter_readv_writev+0x46d/0x750 fs/read_write.c:740 do_iter_write+0x18c/0x710 fs/read_write.c:866 vfs_writev+0x1db/0x6a0 fs/read_write.c:939 do_pwritev fs/read_write.c:1036 [inline] __do_sys_pwritev fs/read_write.c:1083 [inline] __se_sys_pwritev fs/read_write.c:1078 [inline] __x64_sys_pwritev+0x235/0x310 fs/read_write.c:1078 do_syscall_64+0x30/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0xd1 Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.