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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-privileged local account
  2. Exploit
    Interact with RRAS service interface
  3. Execution
    Trigger out-of-bounds read
  4. Impact
    Disclose adjacent memory contents

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) role/feature to be installed and running on the target Windows host - this is not enabled in default Windows client or server installations, which substantially narrows the attack surface. The attacker must additionally hold valid credentials for a low-privileged local account (PR:L) and have local access to the machine (AV:L); there is no remote vector and no user interaction is required (UI:N). The primary limiting factors are therefore: mandatory pre-existing authenticated local access, and the non-default presence of the RRAS role. Affected and patched builds span the full supported Windows range (e.g. Windows Server 2012 <6.2.9200.26434 through Server 2025 <10.0.26100.33650 and Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H2 <10.0.26x00.9711).

Impact

This is a genuinely moderate, low-urgency issue - not a top priority. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) describes a locally-exploitable flaw requiring the attacker to already hold valid low-privilege credentials on the host; it is not remotely reachable. Impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H/I:N/A:N), consistent with an out-of-bounds read that leaks memory contents (CWE-125) rather than enabling code execution or tampering. All exploitation signals align toward low real-world risk: CISA's SSVC decision framework reports Exploitation=none, Automatable=no, and Technical Impact=partial, and there is no KEV listing and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is not provided in the input, so probabilistic exploitation likelihood cannot be quantified here. There are no conflicting signals - the local vector, low privileges-required, partial technical impact, and absence of exploitation evidence are mutually consistent. The only amplifying factor is deployment breadth (Windows), but that is offset by the requirement that the RRAS role be installed and by the local-access precondition.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker who already has a low-privileged foothold on a Windows host running the Routing and Remote Access Service triggers the vulnerable RRAS code path to read out-of-bounds memory, disclosing adjacent process memory that may contain sensitive data such as tokens or configuration secrets. No public exploit code is available, and the attack cannot be performed remotely or without an existing authenticated account. Given AV:L/AC:L, exploitation is technically straightforward once local access is obtained, but the local-access and RRAS-role prerequisites sharply limit opportunity.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

An out-of-bounds read in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an attacker who already holds valid credentials for a low-privileged local account to read memory beyond the bounds of an allocated buffer and disclose information from the affected host; no user interaction is required. The exposure is narrowed considerably by two prerequisites: RRAS is a non-default role that must be installed and running, and exploitation requires local access plus low-privileged authentication, so there is no remote or unauthenticated path. Impact is confidentiality-only (high) with no integrity or availability effect, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis; CISA's SSVC assessment rates exploitation as none and the activity as not automatable, making this a moderate, low-urgency issue rather than a top patching priority.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: Microsoft has published fixes through the MSRC update guide (https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-85794); apply the latest cumulative security update for each affected build so that it reaches or exceeds the fixed thresholds - 6.2.9200.26434 (Server 2012), 6.3.9600.23470 (Server 2012 R2), 10.0.14393.9612 (Server 2016 / Windows 10 1607), 10.0.17763.9376 (Server 2019 / Windows 10 1809), 10.0.19044.7807 (Windows 10 21H2/22H2), 10.0.20348.5761 (Server 2022), 10.0.22631.7652 (Windows 11 23H2), 10.0.26100.9711 (Windows 11 24H2), 10.0.26100.33650 (Server 2025), 10.0.26200.9711 (Windows 11 25H2), 10.0.26300.9711 (Windows 11 26H2) and 10.0.28000.3231 (Windows 11 26H1). Because the CVSS vector is AV:L/PR:L, firewalls and network controls do not reduce risk: prioritize patch deployment on hosts where the RRAS role is actually installed, and deprioritize systems without it, since the role is not enabled by default. Where patching must be deferred, the most effective compensating control is to stop and disable the Remote Access service and remove the Routing and Remote Access role from hosts that do not require VPN, routing, dial-up or NAT - the trade-off is loss of those functions (and a reboot/role removal step), which is usually acceptable on servers that were never intended to route traffic. Reducing the population of local accounts with interactive logon rights on RRAS hosts limits the PR:L precondition, at the cost of some administrative convenience, but it is the only control that addresses the required local authenticated access while the service must remain running.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9376
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33650
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.3231
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9376
Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26434
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7652
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7807
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19044.7807
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9612
Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23470
Windows 11 Version 26H2 10.0.26300.0 <10.0.26300.9711
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23470
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9612
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9376
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33650
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9612
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5761
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.9711
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.9711
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26434

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9612
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9376
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7807
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7807
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7652
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.9711
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.9711
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.3231
euvd windows_11_version_26h2 fix: 10.0.26300.9711
euvd windows_server_2012 fix: 6.2.9200.26434
euvd windows_server_2012_r2 fix: 6.3.9600.23470
euvd windows_server_2012_r2_server_core_installation fix: 6.3.9600.23470
euvd windows_server_2012_server_core_installation fix: 6.2.9200.26434
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9612
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9612
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9376
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9376
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5761
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33650
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33650

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 20 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause class is CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service, the component that provides VPN termination, LAN/WAN routing, dial-up and NAT functionality on Windows Server (and, when installed, on client SKUs). RRAS parses local configuration and request data in kernel/user components, and the flaw causes a buffer to be read past its allocated length - the classic out-of-bounds read pattern where insufficient bounds checking lets a caller observe adjacent memory contents, resulting in information disclosure rather than memory corruption. The assessed vector, CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, confirms the profile: local attack vector, low attack complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction, unchanged scope, high confidentiality impact, and no integrity or availability impact. The affected build ranges reported by EUVD span essentially the entire supported Windows fleet - Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H2/26H1 - but the practical attack surface is limited to hosts where the RRAS role/feature has actually been enabled, which is not the default state for either client or server installations. Because the vector is AV:L with PR:L, network segmentation and edge filtering provide no mitigation whatsoever; the only meaningful preconditions to attack are a local logon and the non-default RRAS role.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 5.5 MEDIUM

Local info-disclosure requiring an existing low-privileged account yields AV:L/PR:L; out-of-bounds read affects only confidentiality (C:H), with no integrity or availability impact.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 13, 2026 - 20:20 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 13, 2026 - 19:21 cve.org
MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionCVE.org

Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 68% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Windows is ubiquitous, but the vulnerable RRAS role is not installed by default
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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