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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain physical access to target machine
  2. Delivery
    Attach malicious SCSI storage device
  3. Exploit
    Device returns crafted SCSI response data
  4. Execution
    SCSI Class driver performs out-of-bounds read
  5. Impact
    Kernel memory contents disclosed to attacker

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Physical access to the target machine is mandatory - the AV:P vector rules out any remote or network-based exploitation path. An attacker must be able to connect a crafted SCSI-class storage device directly to the target hardware. No authentication or special privilege level is required once physical access is achieved (PR:N). No user interaction is needed beyond the device attachment. Exploitation is limited by: (1) physical proximity requirement eliminates remote threat actors; (2) impact is read-only - no code execution, no data modification; (3) the specific SCSI device response pattern needed to trigger the boundary violation is not publicly documented. Systems in locked data centres, kiosks with port covers, or environments with strict physical security policies carry substantially lower residual risk than unattended or publicly accessible machines.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 vector CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N yields a base score of 4.6, which accurately reflects the physical access prerequisite that fundamentally constrains real-world risk. Remote exploitation is not possible; an attacker must have direct hardware access to the target machine, limiting the threat to scenarios involving physical proximity - unattended workstations, data-center insider access, or supply-chain device tampering. The C:H rating indicates that, once physical access is established, kernel memory disclosure can be significant, potentially exposing sensitive in-memory credentials or cryptographic material. No EPSS data was provided and the vulnerability does not appear in CISA KEV, so widespread automated exploitation is not a current concern. No public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis. The practical priority is patch deployment on systems in physically accessible environments such as public kiosks, shared workstations, or co-located servers, while isolated or locked-down systems represent negligible residual risk until patched.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with physical access to an unattended Windows machine plugs in a crafted SCSI or USB-to-SCSI storage device that returns malformed SCSI response data designed to trigger the out-of-bounds read in the SCSI Class System File driver. The driver reads beyond the intended buffer boundary, leaking adjacent kernel memory contents - potentially including in-memory credentials, encryption keys, or other sensitive data - which the attacker captures via the device or a local diagnostic tool. No public proof-of-concept has been identified, and no active exploitation is confirmed.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 08, 2026

Out-of-bounds read in the Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File driver (CWE-125) exposes kernel memory contents to an attacker with physical access to the target machine. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, from build 10.0.17763 through current 25H2 and Server 2025 lines. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been identified; vendor-released patches are available via the July 2026 Microsoft Security Update.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is to apply the Microsoft Security Update released via Windows Update or WSUS, targeting the build thresholds specified per version: Windows 10 1809/Server 2019 to 10.0.17763.9245 or later; Windows 10 21H2 to 10.0.19044.7725 or later; Windows 10 22H2 to 10.0.19045.7725 or later; Windows 11 23H2 to 10.0.22631.7582 or later; Windows 11 24H2/Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.9445 (client) or 10.0.26100.33438 (server) or later; Windows 11 25H2 to 10.0.26200.9445 or later; Windows 11 26H1 to 10.0.28000.2954 or later; Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5622 or later. Full patch details are at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-78452. As an interim compensating control for systems that cannot be immediately patched, physical access controls should be enforced - locking server rooms, using BIOS/UEFI boot passwords, disabling external USB/SCSI ports in firmware, and enabling Secure Boot - to deny the physical vector required for exploitation. Note that disabling SCSI ports may break legitimate storage peripherals and should be tested in non-production environments first.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2954
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7725
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7582
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5622
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7725
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.9445
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.9445

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7725
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7725
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7582
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.9445
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.9445
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2954
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5622
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33438
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33438

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 12 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The Windows SCSI Class System File is a kernel-mode storage driver (classpnp.sys and related components) that manages communication between the operating system and SCSI-class storage devices. CWE-125 (Out-of-Bounds Read) occurs when the driver processes device-supplied data without properly validating buffer boundaries, enabling memory contents beyond the intended read region to be accessed. Because the attack vector is physical (AV:P), exploitation likely involves attaching a crafted or malicious SCSI/storage peripheral that delivers specially structured SCSI responses or commands designed to trigger the boundary violation. The affected builds span Windows 10 1809 (10.0.17763) through Windows 11 26H1 (10.0.28000) and Windows Server 2019 through Server 2025, as enumerated in the EUVD affected-versions list.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 4.6 MEDIUM
AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 4.6 MEDIUM

Physical access is required to attach a malicious device; no privileges needed; impact is read-only confidentiality disclosure with no integrity or availability effect.

3.1 AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Physical
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:35 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:20 cve.org
MEDIUM 4.6

DescriptionCVE.org

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Windows SCSI Class System File allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information with a physical attack.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.5%
Top 60% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
affects all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.5%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

23
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +23
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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