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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify JSS deployment with revocation checking disabled
  2. Delivery
    Gain MITM position on network path
  3. Exploit
    Forge TLS certificate chain anchored by untrusted NSS database cert
  4. Execution
    Present forged chain during TLS handshake
  5. Persist
    JSSTrustManager accepts chain without verifying TRUSTED_CA flags
  6. Impact
    Decrypt or tamper with PKI client TLS session

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
Exploitation Conditions

Two specific conditions must simultaneously be true for exploitation to succeed: (1) the target application must use JSS's JSSTrustManager for TLS certificate chain validation, and (2) certificate revocation checking must have been explicitly disabled in the application or system configuration - this is a non-default state. The attacker must also occupy a man-in-the-middle network position between the PKI client and its TLS peer, which requires network-layer access (ARP/DNS spoofing, rogue gateway, compromised network device). The CVSS PR:N metric confirms no authentication to the target system is required for the exploit itself. Exploitation is constrained by: the non-default revocation-checking-disabled configuration, the requirement for active MITM network positioning (AC:H), and the implicit requirement that the attacker know or can guess that a usable untrusted certificate is present in the target's NSS database.

Impact

The CVSS 6.5 score and AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N vector reflect a network-reachable but high-complexity attack: no authentication to the target is required, but the attacker must achieve man-in-the-middle network positioning (AC:H) and the target must be running in a non-default configuration with certificate revocation checking explicitly disabled. These two constraints together meaningfully reduce the at-risk population below what raw CVSS severity implies. EPSS data was not provided in the available intelligence, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified. KEV status is absent and no public exploit code has been identified, indicating no confirmed active exploitation at time of analysis. The primary real-world risk is targeted interception of PKI client TLS sessions in environments - such as Red Hat Certificate System deployments - that have administratively disabled revocation checking, a practice sometimes adopted to avoid CRL/OCSP latency or availability dependencies. This is a real vulnerability requiring remediation, but its priority is materially lower than a PR:N/AC:L flaw; organizations not using JSS in revocation-disabled configurations face negligible exposure.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with network man-in-the-middle capability - via ARP spoofing, rogue AP, or compromised routing infrastructure - intercepts a TLS connection initiated by a PKI client using JSS with revocation checking disabled. The attacker presents a forged certificate chain rooted in a certificate that exists in the target's NSS database but was never granted TRUSTED_CA flags; because JSSTrustManager omits flag verification, the client accepts the chain. The attacker can then decrypt intercepted session traffic (high confidentiality impact) and potentially inject forged responses (low integrity impact). No public exploit code is known, and successful exploitation requires advance knowledge of the target's NSS database state.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 24, 2026

Improper certificate validation in JSS (Java Security Services) allows the JSSTrustManager class to accept CA certificates from the NSS database that lack TRUSTED_CA trust flags, meaning certificates never explicitly designated as trust anchors can still be used to anchor TLS chains. In non-default deployments where certificate revocation checking has been disabled, this creates a viable path for a man-in-the-middle attacker to forge certificates accepted by PKI client connections, with high confidentiality and low integrity impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the AC:H CVSS rating reflects the meaningful attack complexity - MITM positioning plus a specific non-default configuration must both be present.

RemediationAI

No specific fixed version has been confirmed in the available data; the Red Hat advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-78323 should be monitored for patch release and applied as soon as available. As an immediate compensating control, ensure certificate revocation checking is enabled in all JSS-consuming PKI client configurations - this is the stated prerequisite for exploitability, and its absence is a non-default state; re-enabling it eliminates the exploitable condition. Note that enabling revocation checking may introduce latency or fail-open/fail-closed behavior during CRL distribution point or OCSP responder outages, so plan for these operational trade-offs accordingly. Additionally, administrators should audit their NSS certificate databases to confirm no unintended certificates are present that lack TRUSTED_CA flags but could be leveraged as improper anchors. Where operationally feasible, restrict network paths between PKI clients and PKI servers to trusted, monitored segments to reduce MITM feasibility.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

JSS (Java Security Services) is Red Hat's Java binding to Mozilla's Network Security Services (NSS) cryptographic library, providing Java applications with PKCS#11-based TLS, certificate management, and PKI functionality. NSS maintains a certificate database in which each stored certificate carries explicit trust flags - notably TRUSTED_CA and TRUSTED_DELEGATOR - that govern whether a given certificate is authorized to act as a certification authority. The JSSTrustManager class, responsible for validating certificate chains during TLS handshakes, is the root cause: it fails to consult these NSS trust flags when evaluating CA certificates, allowing any certificate stored in the NSS database - regardless of trust designation - to function as a valid chain anchor. The root cause class is CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation). The affected CPE strings span Red Hat Certificate System 10 and 11 and RHEL 6 through 10, indicating JSS packages across the entire modern RHEL product line are in scope.

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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY MEDIUM
NVD 6.5 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

MITM positioning required drives AC:H; no target authentication needed (PR:N); confidentiality high for intercepted TLS, integrity low for certificate forgery, availability unaffected.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 6.5 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

A flaw was found in JSS (Java Security Services). The JSSTrustManager class does not verify NSS trust flags when validating CA certificates, allowing certificates present in the NSS database without TRUSTED_CA flags to be accepted as trust anchors for TLS connections. In non-default configurations where certificate revocation checking is disabled, this could allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to forge certificates accepted by PKI client connections.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
enterprise PKI stack, standard across RHEL deployments
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_certificate_system_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_certificate_system_11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Not-Affected

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