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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Position attacker-controlled RDP endpoint on reachable network
  2. Delivery
    Lure or redirect target user to initiate RDP session
  3. Exploit
    Deliver crafted RDP PDU during session
  4. Execution
    Trigger out-of-bounds read in Windows RDP stack
  5. Impact
    Receive leaked process memory over network connection

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the targeted user actively initiates or maintains an RDP session - either connecting to an attacker-controlled RDP endpoint or having crafted RDP traffic delivered during an active session (UI:R per CVSS vector). The attacker requires no credentials or prior authentication (PR:N). SSVC confirms the attack is not automatable, meaning per-target user interaction cannot be bypassed for scaled exploitation. The target system must be running an affected Windows build (see affected versions); no non-default RDP configuration or feature flag is cited as a prerequisite - the vulnerability exists in standard RDP session handling. Key limiting factors: the UI:R requirement prevents zero-click mass exploitation; impact is read-only (C:H, I:N, A:N), limiting attacker utility to information gathering; and SSVC's non-automatable classification further constrains operational scalability.

Impact

The CVSS 6.5 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) reflects a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw requiring no attacker authentication, but critically dependent on user interaction (UI:R), which constrains automatable exploitation. The high confidentiality impact (C:H) suggests meaningful memory disclosure - potentially credentials or session material - but with no integrity or availability impact. EPSS at 0.67% (48th percentile) is below average exploitation probability for the near term. SSVC independently corroborates this: exploitation status is none, the attack is not automatable, and technical impact is only partial. No CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code are present in the available data. The UI:R requirement is the primary real-world limiter: exploitation requires either luring a user to connect to a malicious RDP endpoint or injecting crafted packets into an active session - neither is trivially scalable at mass. Overall, despite a surface-level concern from the C:H score, the combination of UI:R, no active exploitation, non-automatable SSVC classification, and below-median EPSS makes this a patch-cycle priority rather than an emergency response item.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker deploys a rogue or compromised RDP server on a reachable network segment and social-engineers a target Windows user into initiating an RDP connection to it; during session establishment, the attacker transmits a specially crafted RDP protocol data unit that triggers an out-of-bounds read in the Windows RDP client stack, causing the process to transmit adjacent memory contents back across the network. The disclosed memory could include session tokens, cached credentials, or other sensitive data resident in the RDP process at the time of the read. No public exploit code has been identified in the available data, and the requirement for user-initiated session interaction prevents fully automated mass exploitation.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 22, 2026

Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack enables unauthenticated network attackers to disclose high-confidentiality memory contents from affected Windows systems, contingent on user interaction during an RDP session. The flaw (CWE-125) spans Windows 10 builds 1607 through 22H2, Windows 11 24H2 through 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. No active exploitation is confirmed by CISA KEV, SSVC rates it non-automatable with partial technical impact, and EPSS sits at 0.67% (48th percentile), indicating moderate-to-low near-term exploitation probability despite the high confidentiality impact in the CVSS score.

RemediationAI

Apply vendor-released patches from Microsoft targeting the following minimum fixed builds: Windows Server 2012 and Server Core to 6.2.9200.26226 or later; Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2016 and Server Core to 10.0.14393.9339 or later; Windows 10 1809, Windows Server 2019, and Server Core to 10.0.17763.9020 or later; Windows 10 21H2 to 10.0.19044.7548 or later; Windows 10 22H2 to 10.0.19045.7548 or later; Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.8875 or later; Windows 11 25H2 to 10.0.26200.8875 or later; Windows 11 26H1 to 10.0.28000.2269 or later; Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5386 or later; Windows Server 2025 and Server Core to 10.0.26100.33158 or later. Full patch details are at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-54126. Where patching cannot be applied immediately, restrict inbound RDP access (TCP/UDP 3389) to trusted network segments via host-based or perimeter firewall rules - this reduces the network attack surface but does not eliminate the vulnerability if RDP exposure is required. Enforcing Network Level Authentication (NLA) adds a pre-authentication step but, given PR:N in the CVSS vector, should not be assumed to fully mitigate the flaw; treat NLA as a defense-in-depth measure only.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7548
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.8875
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8875
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7548
Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26226
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2269
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5386
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26226

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7548
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7548
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.8875
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8875
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2269
euvd windows_server_2012 fix: 6.2.9200.26226
euvd windows_server_2012_server_core_installation fix: 6.2.9200.26226
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5386
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33158
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33158

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 16 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary Microsoft protocol operating primarily over TCP/UDP port 3389, enabling remote graphical desktop sessions. CWE-125 (Out-of-Bounds Read) identifies the root cause class: the RDP implementation reads beyond the bounds of an allocated memory buffer when processing network-supplied data structures, exposing adjacent memory to the network peer. This class of flaw typically results from missing or insufficient length validation when parsing variable-length RDP PDUs or channel data. CPE strings confirm the vulnerable component is the Microsoft Windows RDP implementation across a wide build range, from Windows Server 2012 (kernel 6.2.9200.x) through Windows 11 26H1 (10.0.28000.x) and Windows Server 2025 (10.0.26100.x), encompassing both full and Server Core installations.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 6.5 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

Network-delivered RDP attack with no attacker authentication needed (PR:N), but user must initiate or maintain an RDP session (UI:R); read-only memory leak yields C:H with I:N and A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Out-of-bounds read in Windows RDP allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.7%
Top 52% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
RDP is a built-in protocol present and commonly enabled across all Windows desktop and server editions
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Unlikely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.7%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

33
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

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