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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-197
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Numeric truncation prevention
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 14, 2026

Local code execution in Microsoft's Resilient File System (ReFS) driver lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged user on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016–2025 systems escalate to code execution through a numeric truncation flaw (CWE-197). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not on CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a patch. Note a data conflict: the description states code execution and the CVSS carries C:H/I:H/A:H, yet the vendor tags label it 'Information Disclosure' — the CVSS-backed local elevation-of-privilege reading is treated as authoritative here.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2525
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8875
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7548
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7548
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.8875
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5386

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1607_10_0_14393_9339 fix: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9339, Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9339
microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.9020, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.9020
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2525 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2525, Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2525
microsoft windows_server_2016_10_0_14393_9339 fix: Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.9339, Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.9339
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.9020, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.9020
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5386 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5386
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_33158 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.33158, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.33158
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7548
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7548
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.8875
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8875
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2525
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5386
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33158
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33158

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 25 packages in microsoft, euvd

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CIRCL (temporal) 6.8 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Numeric truncation error in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Microsoft ReFS driver vulnerability (CVE-2026-50357) allows any authenticated user with low privileges on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2016-2025 systems to escalate to full code execution and administrative control. This affects any organization running Windows servers or endpoints with ReFS enabled, creating insider risk and post-breach escalation pathways for any compromised standard user account. Immediate patching is required to eliminate a direct path from low-privileged access to system compromise.

Recommended Action

Within 24 hours, inventory all Windows 10, 11, Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025 systems to identify which have ReFS in use, prioritizing domain-joined machines and critical infrastructure. Within 7 days, deploy the vendor-released Microsoft security patch to all affected production systems and domain controllers using your patch management system. Within 30 days, complete patch deployment across all endpoints, verify installation status through WSUS reporting, and audit ReFS configuration to disable it on systems that do not require it, reducing the attack surface.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 76% exploitable
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Unlikely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium
EUVD 🇯🇵JVN NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment MSRC

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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Same weakness CWE-197 – Numeric Truncation Error

View all
CVE-2022-42475 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2026-115889 CRITICAL POC
9.9
CVE-2025-6965 HIGH POC
7.2
CVE-2020-15202 CRITICAL POC
9.0
CVE-2026-63525 HIGH
7.8
CVE-2024-43639 CRITICAL
9.8
CVE-2026-87529 CRITICAL
9.6
CVE-2026-55142 MEDIUM
5.5

Same technique Information Disclosure

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CVE-2019-2725 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2021-34523 CRITICAL POC
9.0
CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2017-5638 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-68613 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC
7.8

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50357 ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50357

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