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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain local low-privilege user account
  2. Delivery
    Craft malformed HID subsystem I/O request
  3. Exploit
    Trigger integer overflow in size calculation
  4. Execution
    Read out-of-bounds kernel or process memory
  5. Impact
    Capture and exfiltrate disclosed sensitive data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Integer overflow checks
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a locally authenticated account with at least standard (low) privileges - PR:L in the CVSS vector confirms this. The attack vector is strictly local (AV:L), ruling out any remote or network-based exploitation path. High attack complexity (AC:H) indicates that exploitation is not straightforward against default HID subsystem behavior; the attacker likely must engineer specific conditions such as a particular I/O sequence, race condition, or device state. User interaction is not required (UI:N), so the attacker can operate independently once logged in. The impact is confined to information disclosure (C:H, I:N, A:N) - no code execution or denial of service. Limiting factors for defenders: no remote attack path, no unauthenticated path, no integrity or availability impact, and non-trivial exploitation complexity all combine to make this a lower-urgency finding outside of environments with high insider-threat exposure.

Impact

Real-world risk is modest despite the High confidentiality impact rating in the CVSS vector. The AV:L (local) attack vector eliminates remote exploitation entirely, and AC:H (high attack complexity) means the overflow condition is not trivially triggered - specific timing, input crafting, or system state is likely required. PR:L (low privileges) is the most notable risk factor, as any standard user account suffices, lowering the bar for internal threats or post-compromise lateral steps. EPSS at 0.30% (22nd percentile) and SSVC exploitation status of 'none' are consistent signals that no threat actors are currently weaponizing this flaw. The SSVC 'not automatable' rating further limits mass-exploitation scenarios. This is a real vulnerability worth patching on a normal patch cycle, but does not warrant emergency out-of-band response. No conflicting signals exist between CVSS, EPSS, and SSVC - all point to lower operational priority relative to network-exploitable or actively exploited vulnerabilities.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker with a standard Windows user account interacts with the HID subsystem - for example, through a crafted device I/O control call - in a manner that triggers an integer overflow in a size calculation, causing a read operation to access memory outside the intended buffer. The resulting memory content, potentially containing kernel addresses, process tokens, or other sensitive in-memory data, is returned to the attacker's user-mode context. No public exploit code is known at time of analysis, and the high attack complexity suggests successful exploitation likely requires environment-specific tuning.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 22, 2026

Integer overflow in the Windows Devices Human Interface (HID) subsystem enables a local, low-privileged attacker to disclose sensitive information on affected systems. The vulnerability spans Windows 10 (versions 1809 through 22H2), Windows 11 (versions 24H2 through 26H1), and Windows Server 2019 through 2025, representing a broad attack surface across Microsoft's supported OS portfolio. No public exploit code exists and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as none, with an EPSS score of 0.30% (22nd percentile) confirming very low near-term exploitation probability.

RemediationAI

Apply the vendor-released patches via Windows Update or WSRC. Exact fixed builds per the EUVD data are: Windows 10 1809 and Server 2019 - 10.0.17763.9020; Windows 10 21H2 - 10.0.19044.7548; Windows 10 22H2 - 10.0.19045.7548; Windows Server 2022 - 10.0.20348.5386; Windows 11 24H2 and Server 2025 - 10.0.26100.8875 (Windows 11) / 10.0.26100.33158 (Server 2025); Windows 11 25H2 - 10.0.26200.8875; Windows 11 26H1 - 10.0.28000.2269. The authoritative Microsoft advisory is at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50310. Because exploitation requires local access with at least a standard user account, environments that strictly enforce least-privilege access and limit interactive logon to managed accounts meaningfully reduce exposure until patching is complete. There are no documented functional workarounds that eliminate the vulnerability without applying the patch.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7548
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7548
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2269
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33158
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.8875
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8875
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5386

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.9020, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.9020
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2269 fix: Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2269
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2525 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2525
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.9020, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.9020
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5386 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5386
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_33158 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.33158, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.33158
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7548
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7548
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.8875
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8875
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2269
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5386
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33158
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33158

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 21 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is rooted in CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound) within the Windows Human Interface Device subsystem - the kernel-mode driver stack responsible for processing input from keyboards, mice, gamepads, and other HID-class devices. An integer overflow in this context typically arises when a size or length calculation wraps around due to exceeding the maximum value for its data type, causing subsequent memory operations to read from unintended memory regions. Because the HID subsystem operates in a privileged context, an overflow can result in controlled or uncontrolled reads of kernel or adjacent process memory, yielding sensitive data to a caller-controlled buffer. Affected CPEs span cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:windows_10_version_1809 through cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:windows_server_2025, confirming this is a component shared across a wide range of Windows builds.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 4.7 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CIRCL (temporal) 4.1 MEDIUM
vuln.today AI 4.7 MEDIUM

Local-only HID subsystem flaw requiring low-privilege account and non-trivial trigger conditions; confidentiality-only impact confirmed by description.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Devices Human Interface allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 78% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Windows OS present across virtually all enterprise and consumer environments
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

24
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +24
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation produces a result that exceeds the maximum value a given integer type can store.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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