Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObtain low-privilege local account
-
DeliveryDrop race exploit binary
-
ExploitSpawn concurrent threads against WpnUserService
-
ExecutionWin TOCTOU window on shared resource
-
PersistExecute code as elevated service
-
ImpactAccess protected resources cross-scope
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Attacker must already have authenticated local code execution as a low-privileged user (PR:L) on the target Windows host - this is not remotely exploitable. The attacker must specifically interact with the Windows Push Notifications service (WpnUserService/WpnService), which is enabled by default on Windows client editions, and must reliably win a timing race window between concurrent threads - the CVSS High attack complexity (AC:H) reflects that this race is not trivially won and may require many attempts or specific hardware/scheduling conditions. No user interaction is required (UI:N). Hosts that have the Push Notifications service disabled, or that do not permit untrusted users to execute arbitrary code locally, are not realistically exploitable. |
| Impact | Real-world risk is moderate rather than critical despite the 7.8 CVSS base score. The vector AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H confirms local access with low privileges is required, attack complexity is High (meaning the race condition window is non-trivial to win reliably), and no user interaction is needed. The High attack complexity is significant - race conditions often require many attempts, precise timing, or specific hardware configurations to land. EPSS data was not provided in the input, and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, indicating no confirmed active exploitation. No public POC is referenced. The Information Disclosure tag in the metadata is slightly inconsistent with the description's framing as an elevation of privilege - verify with the Microsoft advisory which impact dominates. Priority should be standard Patch-Tuesday cadence for endpoints where untrusted local users may execute code, elevated for multi-tenant or shared workstations. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker with valid low-privilege credentials on a Windows host - for example a standard domain user on a shared workstation, a compromised service account, or a foothold gained through phishing - runs a small tool that repeatedly invokes Push Notifications APIs while a second thread manipulates the shared resource to win the race window. On a successful run, the attacker's code executes in the security context of the higher-privileged notification service, allowing them to access protected resources or stage further lateral movement. The High attack complexity means the attacker may need to retry many times or run on specific CPU configurations. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jun 09, 2026
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Push Notifications service stems from a race condition (CWE-362) that an authenticated low-privilege user can win to gain higher privileges on the host. The CVSS 7.8 score with Scope:Changed indicates successful exploitation crosses a security boundary, impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of resources beyond the vulnerable component. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
RemediationAI
Apply the patch available per Microsoft Security Response Center advisory CVE-2026-42991 (https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42991) through standard Windows Update or WSUS channels for all affected client and server SKUs; exact fix KB numbers are listed in the MSRC entry and should be cited from that advisory rather than inferred. Until patches are deployed, compensating controls include restricting interactive logon and local code execution on affected hosts to trusted administrators (since the attacker requires local low-privilege access), and disabling the Windows Push Notifications User Service (WpnUserService) where applications do not depend on toast or tile notifications - note that this will break notification delivery for UWP and modern apps and is rarely viable on user workstations. EDR detections for anomalous child processes spawned by the WpnUserService or rapid repeated calls into push notification APIs from non-notification-consuming processes can help identify exploit attempts.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 22 packages in microsoft, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Windows Push Notifications (WNS) is the Microsoft platform service that delivers toast, tile, badge, and raw notifications to Windows applications, typically implemented through the WpnUserService and WpnService components running with elevated rights to broker notification delivery between user-mode apps and the kernel. The flaw is classified as CWE-362 (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization), a classic time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) class of bug where two threads or processes manipulate a shared resource without adequate locking, allowing an attacker-controlled thread to interpose between a privileged operation's validation and its use. Because the CVSS vector marks Scope:Changed, the race occurs in a component whose successful exploitation impacts resources managed by a different security authority - consistent with a user-mode caller manipulating a service running at higher integrity.
Know when Windows 10 1809 gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
DescriptionCVE.org
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-42991 is a local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Push Notifications service that allows authenticated users to gain elevated system privileges. Any Windows system with standard or low-privilege users has exposure; successful exploitation compromises data confidentiality, system integrity, and service availability. A vendor patch is available and should be deployed as a priority remediation.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).
Related Vulnerabilities in Windows Push Notifications Race Condition EoP
View all 4More in Windows 10 1809
View allWindows MSHTML component contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to craft malicious ActiveX
<p>A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged fi
Windows MSDT (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool) allows remote code execution when called via the ms-msdt URL protocol f
Windows Win32k contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability enabling local privilege escalation to SYSTEM, exploited by
Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no auth
Windows contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability known as 'HiveNightmare' or 'SeriousSAM' where overly permissiv
Windows Search Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely explo
Internet Shortcut Files Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is rem
Denial of service against HTTP/2 server implementations allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust server resour
Windows Kernel contains a TOCTOU race condition vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, exploited by the OilR
An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in
Windows Internet Shortcut Files (.url) contain an external control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33053, CVSS 8.8) that enables
EUVD-2026-35741
GHSA-56p9-f9vp-94x2
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB