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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 7.0 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, high complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. CISA has confirmed active exploitation in the wild. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 94.18%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 94.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect handling of a copy-on-write (COW) feature to write to a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-362. Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect handling of a copy-on-write (COW) feature to write to a read-only memory mapping, as exploited in the wild in October 2016, aka "Dirty COW." Affected products include: Canonical Ubuntu Linux, Linux Linux Kernel, Redhat Enterprise Linux, Redhat Enterprise Linux Aus, Redhat Enterprise Linux Eus. Version information: through 4..

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.0 HIGH
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Apr 21, 2026 - 15:31 CISA
CVE Published
Nov 10, 2016 - 21:59 cve.org
HIGH 7.0

DescriptionCVE.org

Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect handling of a copy-on-write (COW) feature to write to a read-only memory mapping, as exploited in the wild in October 2016, aka "Dirty COW."

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
7.2/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
94.2%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 94.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
In CISA KEV with patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
High

Priority Score

199
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +94
CVSS: +35
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:12.04:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=19be0eaffa3ac7d8eb6784ad9bdbc7d67ed8e619 PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html PATCH https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/19be0eaffa3ac7d8eb6784ad9bdbc7d67ed8e619 REF http://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-16-063 REF http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10770 REF http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10774 REF http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10807 REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00034.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00035.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00036.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00038.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00039.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00040.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00045.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00048.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00049.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00050.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00051.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00052.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00053.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00054.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00055.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00056.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00057.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00058.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00063.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00064.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00065.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00066.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00067.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-10/msg00072.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-12/msg00033.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-12/msg00100.html REF http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00041.html REF http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/142151/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0021-1.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2098.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2105.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2106.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2107.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2110.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2118.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2120.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2124.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2126.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2127.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2128.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2132.html REF http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2133.html REF http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Aug/35 REF http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161026-linux REF http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3696 REF http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20161207-01-dirtycow-en REF http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.8.3 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/21/1 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/26/7 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/27/13 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/30/1 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/03/7 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/07/1 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/08/1 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/08/2 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/08/7 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/08/8 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/09/4 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/15/1 REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/539611/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540252/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540344/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540736/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/539611/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/540252/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/540344/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/archive/1/540736/100/0/threaded REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93793 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037078 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3104-1 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3104-2 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3105-1 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3105-2 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3106-1 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3106-2 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3106-3 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3106-4 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3107-1 REF http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3107-2 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:0372 REF https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2016-5195 REF https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/2706661 REF https://bto.bluecoat.com/security-advisory/sa134 REF https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1004418 REF https://dirtycow.ninja REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-c05352241 REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03707en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03722en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03742en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US&docId=emr_na-hpesbgn03761en_us REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05341463 REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05347541 REF https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05352241 REF https://help.ecostruxureit.com/display/public/UADCO8x/StruxureWare+Data+Center+Operation+Software+Vulnerability+Fixes REF https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10176 REF https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10177 REF https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10222 REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/E7M62SRP6CZLJ4ZXCRZKV4WPLQBSR7DT/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NWMDLBWMGZKFHMRJ7QUQVCERP5QHDB6W/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W3APRVDVPDBXLH4DC5UKZVCR742MJIM3/ REF https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2016/CVE-2016-5195.html REF https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-5195 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20161025-0001/ REF https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2016-5195 REF https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-11-01.html REF https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html REF https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20181107-vcsd REF https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisories/1753-security-advisory-0026 REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-5195 REF https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/243144

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