Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain low-privileged local session
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DeliveryEnumerate Push Notifications IPC surface
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ExploitTrigger concurrent shared-resource operations
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ExecutionWin race against WpnService
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PersistHijack privileged operation
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ImpactExecute code as SYSTEM
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Attacker must already have an authenticated local session on the target Windows host with at least standard user privileges (PR:L) and the ability to execute code locally (AV:L); no user interaction from another account is required (UI:N). Exploitation is gated by AC:H, meaning the attacker must reliably win a timing window in the Push Notifications service - typically requiring multiple CPU cores, tight loops, and tolerance for repeated failed attempts - and the WpnService / WpnUserService must be running and reachable, which is the default on standard Windows installations. The Scope:Changed component indicates the attacker crosses from their own security context into the privileged service context. Remote-only attackers, fully unauthenticated attackers, and hosts where the Push Notifications service is disabled are not in scope. |
| Impact | Risk is moderate-to-high for endpoints where untrusted users have local sessions. CVSS 7.8 with AV:L/PR:L places this firmly in the local privilege escalation category - not an internet-exposed RCE, but a strong post-compromise primitive useful after phishing or initial foothold. AC:H reflects the inherent unreliability of race conditions, which typically require repeated attempts and specific scheduling conditions, lowering exploitability in practice. EPSS data was not provided in the input, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, so there is no current evidence of active exploitation; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Microsoft race-condition LPEs in notification and brokering services have historically been incorporated into commodity toolkits weeks-to-months after patch release, so prioritize for next Patch Tuesday cycle on multi-user, kiosk, and VDI hosts where local users are untrusted. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has already obtained a low-privileged local shell on a Windows host - for example via a phishing payload or a compromised standard-user account - runs a small tool that repeatedly invokes the Push Notifications IPC interface while concurrently manipulating a shared resource the service operates on. After many timing-sensitive iterations, the attacker wins the race and causes the privileged service to act on attacker-controlled data, yielding code execution or token manipulation across a security boundary and effective SYSTEM-level control. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but race-condition LPEs in similar Windows brokering services have historically been productized quickly once patches are reverse-engineered. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jun 09, 2026
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Push Notifications service stems from a race condition (CWE-362) in concurrent handling of shared resources, allowing an authorized low-privileged attacker to win a timing window and elevate to higher privileges with scope change. The CVSS 3.1 vector AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H reflects local-only exploitation with high attack complexity due to the timing-dependent nature, but a successful attacker gains full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact across a security boundary. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Apply the Microsoft-released security update for CVE-2026-42978 as listed in the MSRC update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42978 - patch available per vendor advisory, with exact KB numbers varying by Windows SKU and build. Until patches are deployed, reduce exposure by restricting interactive and remote-interactive logon rights on sensitive hosts so that only trusted accounts can reach the local attack surface (trade-off: may disrupt shared workstation, RDS, and VDI workflows), and consider stopping or disabling the WpnService / WpnUserService where notification functionality is not required (trade-off: breaks toast notifications, Action Center delivery, and some Store-app features). Monitor for repeated crashes or anomalous behavior of the Windows Push Notifications service, which can indicate race-condition exploitation attempts.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 22 packages in microsoft, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability resides in the Windows Push Notifications subsystem (WPN / WpnService), which delivers toast and tile notifications to user sessions and brokers requests between user-mode apps and system components. The root cause is CWE-362 (Concurrent Execution Using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization), a classic race condition where two or more threads access a shared object - typically a handle, registry key, or memory region - without adequate locking, allowing an attacker to interleave operations between a check and a use (TOCTOU). Because the WPN service runs with elevated rights and exposes IPC interfaces to lower-privileged callers, winning the race lets an authorized user influence operations performed in a higher-privileged security context, which aligns with the Scope:Changed component of the CVSS vector.
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Severity by source
Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
DescriptionCVE.org
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Executive ViewAI
A privilege escalation vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Push Notifications service allows authenticated low-privileged users to gain administrative control and compromise system security boundaries (CVE-2026-42978, CVSS 7.8). Windows environments are at risk from insider threats or compromised user accounts. Organizations must prioritize patching to prevent unauthorized privilege elevation across their Windows infrastructure.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).
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NVD
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EPSS
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