Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
The mamba language model framework thru 2.2.6 is vulnerable to insecure deserialization (CWE-502) when loading pre-trained models from HuggingFace Hub. The MambaLMHeadModel.from_pretrained() method uses torch.load() to load the pytorch_model.bin weight file without enabling the security-restrictive weights_only=True parameter. This allows the deserialization of arbitrary Python objects via the pickle module. An attacker can exploit this by publishing a malicious model repository on HuggingFace Hub. When a victim loads a model from this repository, arbitrary code is executed on the victim's system in the context of the mamba process.
AnalysisAI
Remote code execution in Mamba language model framework (through version 2.2.6) allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary Python code by publishing malicious models on HuggingFace Hub. When victims call MambaLMHeadModel.from_pretrained() on a weaponized model repository, insecure pickle deserialization executes attacker-controlled code in the context of the victim's process. Despite the critical CVSS 9.8 score and network attack vector requiring no authentication, EPSS probability remains extremely low (0.02%, 5th percentile), suggesting limited real-world exploitation to date. No CISA KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis.
Technical ContextAI
Mamba is a state-space model framework for sequence modeling and language models, competing with transformer architectures. The vulnerability stems from torch.load() deserializing PyTorch model weights using Python's pickle protocol without the weights_only=True security parameter introduced in PyTorch 1.13+ to restrict deserialization to tensor data only. CWE-502 (insecure deserialization) occurs when untrusted data is deserialized without validation-in this case, the pytorch_model.bin file from third-party HuggingFace repositories. The pickle format can serialize arbitrary Python objects including executable code via __reduce__ magic methods, enabling attackers to embed malicious code in model weight files that executes during the unpickling process when from_pretrained() loads the model.
RemediationAI
Primary remediation requires upgrading the Mamba framework to a patched version that implements weights_only=True in torch.load() calls within from_pretrained() methods-however, no vendor-released patch version is confirmed from available data at time of analysis; monitor the official GitHub repository (github.com/state-spaces/mamba) and PyPI for security updates. Immediate compensating control: implement model provenance verification by only loading models from explicitly whitelisted, organization-controlled repositories; cryptographically verify model file hashes against known-good values before loading; this prevents execution but adds operational overhead for model updates. Advanced mitigation: monkey-patch torch.load in application initialization to force weights_only=True globally (may break legitimate non-tensor pickle data); this could cause compatibility issues with models using custom serialization. Containerization mitigation: run Mamba model loading in isolated containers with minimal privileges and no network access post-download; limits blast radius but does not prevent initial compromise. Long-term: migrate to safer serialization formats like safetensors which stores only tensor data without pickle vulnerabilities; requires model re-export and framework support. For security-critical environments, consider disabling HuggingFace Hub integration entirely and distributing models through internal registries with mandatory security scanning.
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Same weakness CWE-502 – Deserialization of Untrusted Data
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-29562
GHSA-pq2f-x424-6fjm