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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain local user access
  2. Exploit
    Exploit Win32K GRFX race condition
  3. Execution
    Trigger shared resource synchronization flaw
  4. Impact
    Escalate privileges to system

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Local authenticated user account required. High attack complexity due to race condition timing requirements. Win32K graphics subsystem must be actively processing concurrent requests. Windows default configurations with standard user privileges.

Impact

Real-world risk assessment reveals moderate-to-high priority despite the 7.0 CVSS score. The vulnerability requires local access (AV:L) and low privileges (PR:L), limiting the attack surface to already-compromised systems or malicious insiders, which reduces immediate internet-facing risk. However, the high attack complexity (AC:H) is offset by several concerning factors: complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) grants full SYSTEM privileges, making this a critical post-exploitation tool for attackers who have gained initial foothold through phishing, supply chain attacks, or other vectors. The vulnerability affects every supported Windows version in production environments, creating massive exposure across enterprise and government infrastructure. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, which temporarily lowers immediate risk, but race condition vulnerabilities in kernel components historically attract sophisticated threat actors once details emerge. The patch availability from Microsoft is crucial - organizations must prioritize deployment as this becomes a privilege escalation primitive in multi-stage attacks. SSVC assessment indicates medium priority: exploitation status is none (currently), automatable is no (requires local access and timing precision), but technical impact is total (kernel-level control). The combination of broad platform exposure, kernel-level impact, and inevitable weaponization once reverse-engineered makes this a priority patch despite the lack of current active exploitation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Apr 14, 2026

Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K graphics subsystem (Win32K-GRFX) allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a race condition during concurrent resource access. Affects all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025. Microsoft has released patches addressing this CWE-362 synchronization flaw. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the local attack vector and high complexity (

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Apr 14, 2026 - 19:37 CVSS 7.0

Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K graphics subsystem (Win32K-GRFX) allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a race condition during concurrent resource access. Affects all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025. Microsoft has released patches addressing this CWE-362 synchronization flaw. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the local attack vector and high complexity (CVSS AC:H) suggest exploitation requires precise timing and system knowledge.

RemediationAI

Microsoft has released security updates addressing this vulnerability across all affected platforms. Organizations should immediately deploy patches through Windows Update, WSUS, or enterprise management tools. For Windows 10 version 1607, upgrade to build 10.0.14393.9060 or later. Windows 10 version 1809 requires build 10.0.17763.8644 or later. Windows 10 versions 21H2 and 22H2 require builds 10.0.19044.7184 and 10.0.19045.7184 respectively. Windows 11 version 22H3 and 23H2 require build 10.0.22631.6936 or later. Windows 11 version 24H2 and Server 2025 require build 10.0.26100.32690 or later. Windows 11 version 25H2 requires build 10.0.26200.8246 or later, and version 26H1 requires build 10.0.28000.1836 or later. Server platforms require: Windows Server 2012 build 6.2.9200.26026+, Server 2012 R2 build 6.3.9600.23132+, Server 2016 build 10.0.14393.9060+, Server 2019 build 10.0.17763.8644+, and Server 2022 builds 10.0.20348.5020+ (standard) or 10.0.25398.2274+ (23H2 edition). No workarounds are available; patching is the only remediation. Detailed patch guidance available at the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory linked above. Prioritize domain controllers, terminal servers, and multi-user systems where low-privileged users have interactive access.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23132
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.1836
Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23132
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.2274
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8246
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060
Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26026
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5020
Windows 11 version 22H3 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26026
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7184
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7184
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1607_10_0_14393_9060 fix: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9060, Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9060
microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8644, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184
microsoft windows_11_version_23h2_10_0_22631_6936 fix: Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936, Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8246 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM systems 10.0.26200.8246, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8246
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_1836 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836, Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836
microsoft windows_server_2012_6_2_9200_26026 fix: Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.26026, Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.26026
microsoft windows_server_2012_r2_6_3_9600_23132 fix: Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.23132, Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.23132
microsoft windows_server_2016_10_0_14393_9060 fix: Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.9060, Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.9060
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.8644, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5020 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5020, Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 10.0.20348.5020
microsoft windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_10_0_25398_2274 fix: Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.2274
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.32690, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7184
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7184
euvd windows_11_version_22h3 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8246
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.1836
euvd windows_server_2012 fix: 6.2.9200.26026
euvd windows_server_2012_r2 fix: 6.3.9600.23132
euvd windows_server_2012_r2_server_core_installation fix: 6.3.9600.23132
euvd windows_server_2012_server_core_installation fix: 6.2.9200.26026
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5020
euvd windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.25398.2274
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.32690

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 36 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability exists in the Windows Win32K graphics driver subsystem (Win32K-GRFX), specifically in kernel-mode components responsible for managing graphics resources and rendering operations. The root cause is CWE-362 (Race Condition), where multiple threads or processes can access shared kernel resources without proper synchronization primitives (locks, mutexes, or atomic operations). Win32K operates at ring-0 (kernel mode) and handles graphics device interface (GDI) operations, window management, and display driver interactions. When concurrent operations manipulate shared kernel objects without adequate locking mechanisms, a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) window opens, allowing a local attacker to corrupt kernel memory structures or manipulate object states between validation and use. The high attack complexity (AC:H) indicates successful exploitation requires winning narrow race windows, likely through repeated attempts or precise system state manipulation. The vulnerability spans the entire Windows ecosystem from legacy Server 2012 (NT 6.2) through modern Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 (NT 10.0), indicating a long-standing architectural issue in the Win32K synchronization model.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.0 HIGH
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CIRCL (temporal) 6.1 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 14, 2026 - 17:46 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Apr 14, 2026 - 16:58 nvd
HIGH 7.0

DescriptionCVE.org

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-33104 is a local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K graphics subsystem affecting all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012-2025 instances. Any authenticated user on a Windows system can escalate to SYSTEM-level access, creating a critical path for lateral movement and persistent compromise within enterprise environments. Immediate patch deployment is required to prevent insider threats and post-breach privilege escalation.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 89% exploitable
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

35
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +35
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).

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