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Welotec TK Series EUVDEUVD-2026-115705

| CVE-2026-109161 MEDIUM
Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120)
2026-11-03 CERTVDE GHSA-g5h3-rrm5-w5mh
6.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: CERTVDE
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate to device with high privileges
  2. Exploit
    Send crafted oversized input to Digital I/O function
  3. Impact
    Trigger bounds-check failure and crash service (denial of service)

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Buffer copy size validation
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires an attacker to already possess high-privilege access to the device (CVSS PR:H) and to reach the Digital I/O function over the network (AV:N/AC:L, no user interaction). The specific vulnerable component is the Digital I/O function of Welotec TK100, TK500-v2, and TK500-v3 devices; the precise malformed-input format that overflows the bounds check is not described in the available sources. The principal limiting factor is the high-privilege authentication requirement, which restricts this to insiders or attackers who have already compromised privileged credentials; impact is confined to availability (service crash/DoS) with no confidentiality or integrity effect.

Impact

This is a moderate-severity denial-of-service issue (CVSS 4.0 base 6.9) affecting Welotec TK100/TK500-v2/TK500-v3 industrial routers, reported by CERT@VDE (advisory VDE-2026-119). The provided CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H) signals a network-reachable, low-complexity attack but one that requires high privileges (PR:H) and yields availability impact only - no confidentiality or integrity loss. No EPSS score was supplied, the CVE is not on CISA KEV, and no proof-of-concept or exploit reference is present in the input, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month' (routine prioritization), not act_now or emergency, which is consistent with the PR:H precondition and availability-only impact. The practical risk driver here is the operational context: these are industrial/OT networking devices where a DoS can disrupt connectivity, but the requirement for an already-high-privileged account substantially narrows the realistic attacker set. Note that EPSS is absent (not an error, but it limits quantitative exploitation-likelihood comparison), and the attacker already needs high privileges, so this is better treated as a scheduled-patch item than an urgent, mass-exploitation threat.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who already holds a high-privilege account on a Welotec TK100 or TK500 device sends input to the Digital I/O function that exceeds the expected bounds, triggering the insufficient bounds check (CWE-120) and crashing the affected service. Because the CVSS vector is AV:N/AC:L, this can be done over the network with low complexity, but PR:H means valid high-privilege credentials or session access are a prerequisite. No public proof-of-concept or exploit code is referenced in the available sources.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Nov 03, 2026

Denial of service in the Digital I/O function of Welotec TK100, TK500-v2 and TK500-v3 industrial routers lets a remote attacker who already holds high-privilege credentials crash or disrupt availability through insufficient bounds checking. The flaw is a buffer overflow class issue (CWE-120) with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9; confidentiality and integrity are unaffected. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, and exploitation is constrained by the high-privilege authentication requirement.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch or fixed firmware version is identified in the available data for CVE-2026-109161; consult CERT@VDE advisory VDE-2026-119 (https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-119/) for the vendor's firmware update guidance and apply it when released. Until a fix is available, restrict network reachability to the Digital I/O function and device management interfaces to trusted administrative networks, enforce least privilege for accounts permitted to invoke Digital I/O operations, and monitor the devices for service restarts or availability loss. These controls reduce exposure but do not correct the underlying insufficient bounds checking.

Affected VersionsENISA

TK500-v3 0.0.0 <1.0.123
TK500-v2 0.0.0 <1.0.124
TK100 0.0.0 <3.5.116

Affected Packages

euvd tk100 fix: 3.5.116
euvd tk500_v2 fix: 1.0.124
euvd tk500_v3 fix: 1.0.123

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected CPE entries identify Welotec TK100, TK500-v2, and TK500-v3, all with wildcard version ranges, so the available data does not pin the issue to a specific firmware release. The root cause is CWE-120 (classic buffer overflow) arising from insufficient bounds checking in the Digital I/O function; input reaching that function can overrun an internal buffer, leading to a denial-of-service condition. The supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/VA:H) and the independent assessment agree that the attacker must already have high-privilege access and network reachability to the Digital I/O function, while the exact malformed-input format and protocol details are not described in the available sources. Impact is availability-only; no confidentiality or integrity effect is assessed.

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Severity by source

Vendor (CERTVDE) PRIMARY 6.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.9 MEDIUM

Network-reachable, low-complexity DoS in Digital I/O requiring high-privilege access (PR:H); availability-only impact so C:N/I:N/A:H and scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (CERTVDE).

CVSS VectorVendor: CERTVDE

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Nov 03, 2026 - 09:46 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

Insufficient bounds checking in the Digital I/O function may allow a remote attacker with high privileges to cause a denial of service.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 77% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche industrial router/gateway vendor, limited OT deployment footprint
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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