Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObtain authenticated admin session on web UI
-
ExploitSend crafted HTTP request to formWizard newPass
-
ExecutionInject OS command via unsanitized parameter
-
ImpactExecute arbitrary code as root
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated administrative HTTP session to the router's boa web interface; the attacker then reaches the formWizard newPass functionality (the password/setup-wizard handler) and supplies a crafted request whose parameter is passed unsanitized to an OS command. Limiting factors: valid admin authentication is mandatory (PR:H), so exploitation depends on the attacker having or obtaining credentials - realistically via default/weak passwords or an exposed management interface - and is confined to the specific X2000R firmware build TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327; there is no unauthenticated path and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. |
| Impact | The signals are moderately but not uniformly alarming. The input CVSS is 9.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H): network vector, low complexity, no user interaction, full triple impact, but critically PR:H - exploitation requires an already-authenticated (administrative) session on the router. No EPSS score was provided, the CVE is not in CISA KEV, and no public exploit was identified at time of analysis, so there is no evidence of active exploitation. The high base score is driven largely by the Scope:Changed metric and full CIA impact; the authentication prerequisite is the dominant real-world mitigant. The Scope:Changed choice in the input is debatable - on an embedded device the boa web server typically runs as root under a single security authority, which argues for S:U and a lower (~7.2) score; this is flagged for verification rather than treated as fact. Net assessment: a credible post-authentication root-RCE in a consumer/SOHO router, researcher-reported by Cisco Talos, but gated behind admin authentication and without current exploitation signals - a solid patch-soon item rather than an emergency, unless the device's admin interface is internet-exposed with weak/default credentials, which would materially elevate the risk. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who already holds valid administrative credentials to a TOTOLINK X2000R web interface (e.g., default/weak credentials, or an exposed management port) sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the boa formWizard newPass handler, injecting OS commands that the firmware executes. Because the web server typically runs as root, this yields arbitrary code execution and full device takeover. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis; the flaw was reported by Cisco Talos (TALOS-2026-2428). |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026
Authenticated OS command injection in the TOTOLINK X2000R boa web interface lets an attacker with administrative access execute arbitrary code on the router through the formWizard newPass setup-wizard handler. The flaw affects firmware build TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327 and carries a published CVSS score of 9.1; our assessed vector is CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but unchanged scope. Exploitation requires a valid admin session (PR:H), and no CISA KEV listing, public exploit code, or active exploitation was identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch is identified in the provided data. Monitor TOTOLINK support channels and Talos advisory TALOS-2026-2428 at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2428 for a fixed X2000R firmware, then upgrade from TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327 to the vendor-designated fixed build. Until a patch is available, restrict the boa management interface to trusted LAN or VPN access and block WAN-side HTTP/HTTPS management; the trade-off is that remote administration requires VPN connectivity. Replace default or weak administrative credentials with strong unique passwords, recognizing that this raises the PR:H bar but does not remediate the command-injection flaw. Disable remote management and avoid exposing the router web UI through UPnP or manual port forwarding where operationally possible, accepting loss of remote convenience. Log and monitor requests to the formWizard/newPass handler for shell metacharacters and watch for unexpected router reboots or command execution, with the trade-off of added logging overhead and potential false positives. Isolate the router's management plane on a dedicated VLAN to limit reachability from user devices.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affects your stack
Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The TOTOLINK X2000R management interface is served by the boa embedded HTTP daemon. The formWizard newPass functionality handles password and setup-wizard changes and passes a request parameter into an OS command without neutralizing shell metacharacters, which is the CWE-78 command-injection class: an authenticated admin can inject separators or command substitutions and cause arbitrary command execution in the web service's device context. The supplied CPE cpe:2.3:a:totolink:totolink:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* is a broad wildcard for the vendor family and does not fingerprint the exact model or firmware; the confirmed affected build is TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327. Because the assessed vector has S:U rather than the CNA's S:C, impact is treated as confined to the router's boa/web management context rather than crossing a scope boundary; PR:H reflects that a valid administrative session is required before the vulnerable handler can be reached.
Know when TOTOLINK gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network-reachable HTTP with low complexity, but PR:H because an admin session is required; S:U since boa runs as root under one authority, yielding full C/I/A on the device.
Primary rating from Vendor (talos).
CVSS VectorVendor: talos
DescriptionCVE.org
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formWizard newPass functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
Executive ViewAI
The TOTOLINK X2000R router, on firmware build Gh-V1.0.0-B20250421.1327, carries a critical command injection flaw in its web management interface that would let anyone holding valid administrator credentials run arbitrary code on the device, turning branch offices, retail sites, or home-office gateways into a potential foothold inside the corporate network. No vendor fix is currently available, so every deployed unit should be treated as an open exposure until it is either patched by the vendor or isolated behind compensating controls. Leadership should care because these devices typically sit at the network edge with visibility into internal traffic, and the flaw requires no special tooling beyond an admin login.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: restrict the boa web interface to a trusted management VLAN or specific administrator hosts and block internet-facing admin access; enforce unique non-default admin credentials and rotate them; disable UPnP and remote management; forward admin login and configuration-change logs to the SIEM and alert on setup-wizard activity; segment the routers and apply egress filtering so a compromised unit cannot be used to pivot; where segmentation cannot be assured, replace the device with supported hardware.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 contains an unauthenticated command injection in the sub_417D74
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOLINK A3002R V4.0.0-B20230531.1404 is vulnerable to Command Injection in /bin/boa via bandstr. Rated critical severit
TOTOlink EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via th
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FUN_00459fdc f
In Totolink A3100R V5.9c.4577, multiple pages can be read by curl or Burp Suite without authentication. Rated critical s
TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and V9.1.0u.6369_B20230113 contain a command insertion vulnerability in setting/s
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the
The TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in th
EUVD-2026-105335
GHSA-8j97-qf5q-6qpc
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB