Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain local authenticated foothold (PR:L)
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ExploitTrigger concurrent Windows Installer operations
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ExecutionWin race window on shared resource
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ImpactExecute code with SYSTEM privileges
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to already have local, authenticated access to the host with at least low-privilege rights (PR:L, AV:L) - there is no remote or unauthenticated vector. The core prerequisite is winning a race condition in Windows Installer's handling of a shared resource during concurrent execution, which per CVSS AC:H is timing-dependent and not reliably reproducible on a single attempt. No user interaction is required (UI:N). The principal limiting factors are the need for a local account on the target, the probabilistic high-complexity race window that may demand many attempts, and reduced exposure on single-user systems where an attacker gaining SYSTEM adds little beyond existing control. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity local privilege escalation (CVSS 7.0) in Windows Installer driven by a race condition (CWE-362). The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) tells a consistent story: the attacker must already be local and authenticated (PR:L), and high attack complexity (AC:H) reflects the timing-dependent nature of winning the race, which is the single biggest factor limiting real-world weaponization. If the race is won, impact is full (C:H/I:H/A:H), consistent with SYSTEM-level escalation. No EPSS score, SSVC decision, KEV listing, or POC indicator was provided in the input, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation. The absence of these exploitation signals, combined with AC:H, places this below internet-facing or wormable flaws in priority: it is a credible post-compromise/local-escalation primitive rather than an initial-access emergency. Treat it as standard Patch-Tuesday-tier remediation for an EoP - important on multi-user and shared hosts, lower urgency on single-user endpoints - rather than a drop-everything issue. Note: the input 'Information Disclosure' tag only partially aligns with a race-condition EoP; the C:H confidentiality impact makes it defensible but the primary consequence per the description is privilege elevation, not disclosure. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A low-privileged but authenticated user on a Windows host runs a local tool that repeatedly triggers Windows Installer operations while racing a concurrent action against a shared resource, aiming to win a narrow timing window. Because attack complexity is high (AC:H), success is probabilistic and may require many attempts, but a win yields SYSTEM-level privileges. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026
Local privilege escalation in Windows Installer (CVSS 7.0) lets an attacker who already holds low-privilege, local access on a Windows host escalate to SYSTEM by winning a race condition in the service's handling of a shared resource during concurrent execution. The flaw is CWE-362 and carries AC:H in the assessed vector, so the timing window is narrow and exploitation may require repeated attempts; no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis. Microsoft has published fixed builds for the affected Windows 10, Windows 11 and Windows Server releases via the MSRC update guide for CVE-2026-85941, making prompt patching the definitive mitigation.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor-released patches with these exact fixed builds: Windows 10 21H2/22H2 to 10.0.19044.7807, Windows 10 1607/Server 2016 to 10.0.14393.9612, Windows 10 1809/Server 2019 to 10.0.17763.9376, Server 2012 to 6.2.9200.26434, Server 2012 R2 to 6.3.9600.23470, Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5761, Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.33650, Windows 11 23H2 to 10.0.22631.7652, 24H2 to 10.0.26100.9711, 25H2 to 10.0.26200.9711, 26H1 to 10.0.28000.3231, and 26H2 to 10.0.26300.9711; see https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-85941. Because exploitation requires an existing low-privilege local account and a timing-dependent race (AC:H), compensating controls should focus on shrinking that prerequisite until patching completes: audit and minimize local and RDP logon rights on multi-user hosts and terminal servers, remove or disable unused local accounts, and enforce least privilege so fewer principals can initiate Windows Installer transactions. Where operationally acceptable, application control (WDAC/AppLocker) or Windows Installer policy restrictions that limit msiexec execution by unprivileged users reduce the attack surface, at the trade-off of breaking legitimate user-driven MSI deployments and self-service installs. Enabling Windows Installer logging and monitoring for unexpected msiexec.exe child processes or elevation into SYSTEM provides detection value but does not prevent the race from being won, and no user-facing workaround substitutes for applying the fixed builds.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 20 packages in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
CVE-2026-85941 is a race condition (CWE-362, concurrent execution using a shared resource with improper synchronization) inside Windows Installer - the msiexec.exe / msiserver component that performs privileged installation, repair, rollback and removal transactions, including file placement, registry writes and rollback-script execution, on behalf of calling processes. Because the installer service operates with high privilege while accepting requests from lower-privileged callers, a timing flaw that allows operations on a shared resource to be interleaved can be leveraged so that a privileged step executes under attacker control, producing local privilege escalation. The assessed vector CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H confirms the attack surface is local-only (AV:L), requires the attacker to already possess low-privilege credentials on the target (PR:L), needs no user interaction (UI:N), and is high-complexity (AC:H) because success depends on reliably hitting the race window, potentially across many attempts. Impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability is rated high within the same security scope (S:U). Affected builds span Windows 10 21H2/22H2 and 1607/1809, Windows 11 23H2/24H2/25H2/26H1/26H2, and Windows Server 2012/2012 R2/2016/2019/2022/2025, including Server Core installations. Exposure is greatest on multi-user, RDP/terminal-server style hosts where an unprivileged local user gaining SYSTEM materially changes their control of the machine.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Local authenticated attacker (AV:L/PR:L) exploiting a timing-dependent race (AC:H) with no user interaction, yielding full SYSTEM-level compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the same scope (S:U).
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Installer allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Executive ViewAI
Windows Installer on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server carries a privilege-escalation flaw that lets an attacker who already holds a low-privilege local foothold on a host elevate to full SYSTEM control, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Because the flaw only compounds access already obtained, the organizational risk is that a single compromised user account or workstation can be converted into complete control of that machine, enabling credential theft and lateral movement into higher-value systems. Leadership should treat this as a containment and patch-priority issue for servers and any endpoint where untrusted or line-of-business users hold local logon rights.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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EUVD-2026-100068
GHSA-m2qv-4w92-w6mj
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB