What is the CVSS score of EUVD-2025-28712?

EUVD-2025-28712 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.2%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for EUVD-2025-28712?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for EUVD-2025-28712. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.2%.

How to fix or mitigate EUVD-2025-28712?

Within 24 hours: Inventory all D-Link DIR-825 2.03 devices in production and isolate or disable any non-critical units; document business justification for retained devices. Within 7 days: Implement network segmentation to restrict direct internet access to affected devices and deploy WAF/IPS rules blocking known exploit patterns. Within 30 days: Develop and execute replacement plan for end-of-life equipment with supported alternatives, or decommission devices if operationally feasible.

Dir 825 Firmware EUVD-2025-28712

| CVE-2025-6291 HIGH

Buffer Overflow (CWE-119)

2025-06-20 cna@vuldb.com

RCE Buffer Overflow D-Link Dir 825 Firmware

8.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-119 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, buffer size validation MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	While CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 (High) reflects significant severity with High impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, real-world risk is amplified by several factors: (1) Exploitation requires authentication (PR:L) reducing attack surface but not eliminating it—many routers have weak default credentials; (2) CVSS Attack Vector is Network and Complexity is Low, making exploitation straightforward; (3) Public POC availability and disclosed exploit status indicates immediate weaponization risk; (4) The product is unsupported/EOL, meaning no patches will be released, creating persistent vulnerability. However, exploitation still requires valid credentials, limiting impact to scenarios involving compromised or default credentials. SSVC assessment: Exploitation=Proof-of-Concept Exists, Automatable=Yes (stack overflow exploitation is scriptable), Technical Impact=Total (remote code execution), resulting in HIGH priority despite authentication requirement.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker obtains valid router credentials (either through default credentials like admin/admin common to D-Link devices, credential reuse, or phishing). The attacker crafts a malicious HTTP POST request to the vulnerable do_file endpoint with an oversized parameter that overflows the stack buffer in the HTTP handler. By carefully controlling the overflow payload, the attacker overwrites the function return address with a pointer to shellcode also placed in the overflow buffer. Upon function return, the shellcode executes with router privileges, allowing the attacker to establish a reverse shell, modify router configuration, intercept traffic, pivot to internal network, or use the router as a botnet node. The attack is deterministic (low complexity) and requires no user interaction; if the router is internet-exposed or accessible from a compromised internal network, exploitation is automated and trivial.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).

No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 15, 2026

CVE-2025-6291 is a critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-825 firmware version 2.03, exploitable via HTTP POST requests to the do_file function. An authenticated attacker can achieve complete system compromise (confidentiality, integrity, and availability violations) remotely without user interaction. Public exploit code exists and the affected product is end-of-life with no vendor support, elevating real-world risk despite authentication requirement.

RemediationAI

No vendor patches are available for this end-of-life product. Recommended mitigation: (1) IMMEDIATE: Disable HTTP POST requests at firewall level or disable remote management if not required; (2) Apply strong, unique credentials to router administration interface and change defaults; (3) Network isolation: restrict access to administrative interfaces to trusted networks only; (4) CRITICAL: Deploy replacement hardware with actively maintained firmware; (5) Implement network segmentation to limit router compromise impact; (6) Monitor router logs for suspicious POST requests or failed authentication attempts; (7) If continued operation is unavoidable, disable HTTP management and use only HTTPS with certificate pinning from trusted networks.

Affected VersionsENISA

DIR-825 2.03

Affected Packages

euvd dir_825 no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability exists in the HTTP POST Request Handler component of D-Link DIR-825 wireless router firmware (CPE: cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dir-825:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* with firmware 2.03). The root cause is CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer), specifically a stack-based buffer overflow in the do_file function. This function fails to properly validate the length of user-supplied input before copying it to a fixed-size stack buffer during HTTP POST parameter processing. The vulnerability allows attackers to overwrite return addresses and execute arbitrary code with device privileges.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH

AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

PoC Detected

Jun 26, 2025 - 17:00 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Jun 20, 2025 - 01:15 nvd

HIGH 8.8

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DIR-825 2.03. This affects the function do_file of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability affects D-Link DIR-825 routers (model 2.03) that are no longer supported by the vendor, with public exploits already available. Organizations using this end-of-life networking equipment face immediate risk of remote compromise, potential network breach, and loss of network integrity without vendor remediation options.

Business Impact: High

Compensating Controls

Implement network segmentation to restrict HTTP POST access to affected devices; deploy intrusion prevention signatures to detect exploitation attempts; disable HTTP administration if not required and use SSH-only access; place devices behind a next-generation firewall with exploit detection; consider reverse proxy or WAF to filter malicious POST requests to the do_file function; monitor for unusual network behavior from these devices; establish mandatory replacement timeline for end-of-life hardware.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.2%

Top 59% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

6 sources

Confidence: High

EUVD

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.2%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Scheduled

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +44

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.