EUVD-2025-18475Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, buffer size validation
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Impact | This vulnerability presents CRITICAL real-world risk despite the authentication requirement. CVSS 8.8 (High) reflects high impact (C:H, I:H, A:H) with network-accessible attack vector (AV:N) and low attack complexity (AC:L). The PR:L (low privilege required) indicates any authenticated user can exploit it—a significant factor in environments where multiple users or guest networks exist. EPSS probability data is not provided, but the combination of public POC availability, straightforward exploitation mechanics (buffer overflow via HTTP POST parameter), and critical impact (RCE) suggests high exploitation probability. This is NOT a case of high-CVSS-but-low-real-risk; the attack chain is simple, requires only network access plus low authentication (achievable via weak default credentials common in consumer routers), and results in complete system compromise. KEV status (publicly disclosed, POC available) elevates this to an immediate patch priority. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A threat actor gains low-privilege access to the TOTOLINK A3002RU (e.g., via default credentials like admin/admin, weak password, or compromised user account). From the router's web management interface, they craft an HTTP POST request to /boafrm/formMultiAP with a specially crafted 'submit-url' parameter containing a buffer overflow payload (e.g., 500+ bytes of malicious shellcode). The vulnerable parameter handler fails to bounds-check the input, writing beyond the allocated buffer and overwriting return addresses or function pointers on the stack. This redirects execution flow to attacker-controlled code, achieving arbitrary code execution with root privileges on the router. The attacker can now exfiltrate network traffic, establish persistence, pivot to internal network devices, or use the router as a command-and-control node. Public POC code is available, lowering the barrier to exploitation significantly. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 14, 2026
Critical buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK A3002RU routers (version 3.0.0-B20230809.1615 and potentially others) affecting the HTTP POST request handler at endpoint /boafrm/formMultiAP. An authenticated attacker can exploit this via a malicious 'submit-url' parameter to achieve remote code execution with full system compromise (confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact). Public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is actively exploitable.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability exists in the HTTP POST request handler component of TOTOLINK's firmware, specifically in the /boafrm/formMultiAP endpoint. The root cause is CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer), a classic buffer overflow condition where user-supplied input in the 'submit-url' parameter is not properly validated for length before being written to a fixed-size buffer. This allows an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory, potentially corrupting the stack or heap and achieving arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability affects TOTOLINK A3002RU (CPE: cpe:2.7:o:totolink:a3002ru_firmware:3.0.0-b20230809.1615:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), a consumer-grade wireless router/access point device commonly deployed in small offices and homes.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3002RU 3.0.0-B20230809.1615 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formMultiAP of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Executive ViewAI
A critical remote code execution vulnerability affects TOTOLIK A3002RU routers (model 3.0.0-B20230809.1615) with a high CVSS score of 8.8 and active public exploits in circulation. Any organization using this router model faces immediate risk of unauthorized network access, data compromise, and potential lateral movement into critical systems.
Within 24 hours: Identify all TOTOLINK A3002RU devices in production and isolate them from critical network segments; disable remote management features if possible. Within 7 days: Contact TOTOLINK for patch availability and timeline; implement network segmentation to limit router access to trusted zones only; deploy WAF rules to block malicious POST requests to /boafrm/formMultiAP. Within 30 days: Procure replacement hardware or apply vendor patch immediately upon release; conduct forensic analysis on affected routers for signs of compromise; review network access logs for suspicious activity dating back 60 days.
Implement network segmentation to restrict administrative access to the router's web interface from untrusted networks; deploy WAF/IPS rules blocking HTTP POST requests with suspicious submit-url parameters to /boafrm/formMultiAP endpoint; disable remote management and HTTP POST handlers if not operationally required; monitor affected devices for unusual outbound traffic and process execution; implement strict firewall rules limiting router-to-router and router-to-server communications; consider temporary replacement of affected devices with patched alternative models until vendor patch is released.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
GitHub
VulDB
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
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