What is the CVSS score of EUVD-2025-16628?

EUVD-2025-16628 has a CVSS 3.0 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.6%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for EUVD-2025-16628?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for EUVD-2025-16628. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.6%.

How to fix or mitigate EUVD-2025-16628?

Within 24 hours: Identify all systems running llama_index v0.12.19 and assess their exposure to untrusted user input. Within 7 days: Apply the available vendor patch to all affected systems or upgrade to a patched version; implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement if compromise occurs. Within 30 days: Conduct forensic analysis of affected systems for signs of exploitation and audit access logs for suspicious activity targeting the ref_doc_id parameter.

Llamaindex EUVD-2025-16628

Q: Which versions of Llamaindex are affected by EUVD-2025-16628?

A critical SQL injection vulnerability in llama_index v0.12.19 allows attackers to execute remote code on affected servers through the DuckDBVectorStore delete function.. A patch is available.

| CVE-2025-1750 CRITICAL

SQL Injection (CWE-89)

2025-06-02 security@huntr.dev

GHSA-6mcc-q3mg-3qg6

RCE SQLi Llamaindex

9.8

CVSS 3.0 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-89 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS 9.8, EPSS 0.63%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	SQL injection to access ML data.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity + public POC available.

Patch available 0.6% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 14, 2026

SQL injection in llama_index DuckDB vector store v0.12.19. PoC and patch available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 14, 2026 - 16:47 CVSS 9.8

SQLi in llama_index DuckDB store.

RemediationAI

Update.

Affected VersionsENISA

run-llama/llama_index unspecified <0.3.1

Affected Packages

pypi llama-index fix: 0.12.21

pypi llama-index-vector-stores-duckdb fix: 0.12.21

euvd run_llama_llama_index_unspecified fix: 0.3.1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in pypi, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-89 in ML vector store.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 14, 2026 - 16:47 nvd

Patch available

PoC Detected

Jul 31, 2025 - 16:08 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Jun 02, 2025 - 10:15 nvd

CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionCVE.org

An SQL injection vulnerability exists in the delete function of DuckDBVectorStore in run-llama/llama_index version v0.12.19. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate the ref_doc_id parameter, enabling them to read and write arbitrary files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution (RCE).

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact

† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth

1 pypi packages depend on llama-index (1 direct, 0 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 0.12.19.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical SQL injection vulnerability in llama_index v0.12.19 allows attackers to execute remote code on affected servers through the DuckDBVectorStore delete function. Organizations using this library are at immediate risk of data theft, system compromise, and operational disruption, especially given the public availability of exploit code.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is impossible: (1) Implement WAF rules to block requests containing SQL injection patterns in ref_doc_id parameters; (2) Disable or restrict access to DuckDBVectorStore delete functionality; (3) Run affected services with minimal file system permissions and in isolated containers; (4) Monitor for unusual file access and process execution originating from the affected application.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.6%

Top 30% exploitable

Threat Intel

1 source

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

EUVD

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS GHSA

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.6%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity + public POC available

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: +1

CVSS: +49

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL Injection HIGH

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index/commit/369a2942df2efcf6b74461c45d20a0af1fbe4ae2 ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1750

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