EUVD-2026-41898Severity by source
AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Local vector and high complexity reflect that attacker-controlled filename must reach the Windows-only viewer code path; no system privileges required but user must trigger viewing.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Lifecycle Timeline
3Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 85,213 pypi packages depend on pillow (18,358 direct, 68,183 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 12.3.0.
DescriptionCVE.org
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 12.3.0, WindowsViewer.get_command() constructed a cmd.exe shell command by directly embedding a file path into an f-string without escaping and passed the result to subprocess.Popen(..., shell=True), allowing shell metacharacters in the file path to inject arbitrary cmd.exe commands. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.
AnalysisAI
Command injection in Pillow's WindowsViewer component (all versions prior to 12.3.0) allows arbitrary cmd.exe command execution when a user opens an image with a crafted filename containing shell metacharacters. The root cause is in WindowsViewer.get_command(), which embeds an unsanitized file path directly into an f-string and passes the result to subprocess.Popen with shell=True on Windows. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation is strictly limited to Windows systems, as WindowsViewer targets cmd.exe and is not invoked on Linux or macOS. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 3.1 score of 4.5 with vector AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L reflects a realistic but bounded threat. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker uploads or delivers a file with a crafted name such as legitimate.jpg & net user backdoor P@ssw0rd /add to a Windows environment where a Python application uses Pillow's WindowsViewer to open images. When a user or automated process triggers image display via get_command(), the unsanitized filename is embedded into the cmd.exe command string, causing the appended shell command to execute with the permissions of the invoking process. … |
| Remediation | Upgrade Pillow to version 12.3.0 or later, which addresses this vulnerability via three commits: 8404ea5fe5df40fc34aa1e51403dd6fce0778b8a, 88194166691b7b603529b8b036ab3ab9cedd2de4, and b0e06caa64c1405aa3da0bb1d2bd9a77ca22de7f, as confirmed by the vendor advisory at https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-4x4j-2g7c-83w6. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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Same weakness CWE-78 – OS Command Injection
View allSame technique Command Injection
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External POC / Exploit Code
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