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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Recon
    Gain low-privilege local access
  2. Delivery
    Deploy race condition exploit tool
  3. Exploit
    Rapidly manipulate fdwsd.dll shared resources
  4. Install
    Win TOCTOU race window
  5. C2
    Escalate to SYSTEM privileges
  6. Execute
    Disable security controls
  7. Impact
    Persist and move laterally

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Local attacker with low-privilege user account access to Windows system running Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll). Attacker must execute code locally to trigger race condition during privileged file operations. No victim interaction required. High attack complexity due to race condition timing requirements.

Impact

Real-world risk is moderate despite the 7.0 CVSS score. The high attack complexity (AC:H) significantly raises the exploitation bar - race conditions require precise timing, deep technical knowledge of Windows internals, and often multiple attempts. The local attack vector (AV:L) and low privilege requirement (PR:L) mean attackers need existing foothold on target systems, limiting attack surface to insider threats, physical access scenarios, or post-initial-compromise escalation. No public exploit identified at time of analysis reduces immediate weaponization risk. However, the complete compromise potential (C:H/I:H/A:H) affecting all Windows versions from 2012 forward creates substantial exposure in enterprise environments where patching lags. SSVC framework assessment: exploitation status is none (no public POC), automatable is no (race conditions resist automation due to timing variability), technical impact is total (SYSTEM access). Priority should focus on internet-facing systems with Remote Desktop exposure and high-value targets like domain controllers, while standard workstations can follow normal patch cycles.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with standard user credentials on a corporate workstation runs a custom exploit tool that rapidly creates and destroys Function Discovery Service resource handles while simultaneously modifying associated security descriptors. By winning the race condition during the validation-to-use window, the attacker tricks fdwsd.dll into granting their low-privileged process SYSTEM-level token permissions. With SYSTEM access, the attacker disables endpoint detection, extracts credential hashes from LSASS memory, and establishes persistent backdoor access for lateral movement across the domain.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Apr 14, 2026

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) allows authenticated low-privilege attackers to gain SYSTEM-level access via race condition exploitation across all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions (2012-2025). The vulnerability requires local access and low privileges (CVSS PR:L) with high attack complexity (AC:H), yielding complete system compromise (C:H/I:H/A:H). Microsoft released patches addressing build versions up to 10.0.26100.32690 (Server 2025) and 10.0.28000.1836 (Windows 11 26H1). EPSS data not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Apply Microsoft security updates immediately from the March 2026 Patch Tuesday release. Vendor-released patches: Windows 10 Version 1607 to build 10.0.14393.9060, Windows 10 Version 1809 to 10.0.17763.8644, Windows 10 21H2 to 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 22H2 to 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 11 22H3/23H2 to 10.0.22631.6936, Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.32690, Windows 11 25H2 to 10.0.26200.8246, Windows 11 26H1 to 10.0.28000.1836, Windows Server 2012 to 6.2.9200.26026, Windows Server 2012 R2 to 6.3.9600.23132, Windows Server 2016 to 10.0.14393.9060, Windows Server 2019 to 10.0.17763.8644, Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5020, Windows Server 2022 23H2 to 10.0.25398.2274, and Windows Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.32690. Download patches via Windows Update, WSUS, or Microsoft Update Catalog at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32093. No effective workarounds exist; patching is the only mitigation. Prioritize domain controllers, Remote Desktop servers, and systems with multiple user accounts.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5020
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23132
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26026
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7184
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060
Windows 11 version 22H3 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.26026
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.2274
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7184
Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.23132
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.1836
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8246
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9060

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1607_10_0_14393_9060 fix: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9060, Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9060
microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8644, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184
microsoft windows_11_version_23h2_10_0_22631_6936 fix: Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936, Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8246 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM systems 10.0.26200.8246, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8246
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_1836 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836, Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836
microsoft windows_server_2012_6_2_9200_26026 fix: Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.26026, Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.26026
microsoft windows_server_2012_r2_6_3_9600_23132 fix: Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.23132, Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.23132
microsoft windows_server_2016_10_0_14393_9060 fix: Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.9060, Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.9060
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.8644, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5020 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5020, Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 10.0.20348.5020
microsoft windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_10_0_25398_2274 fix: Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.2274
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.32690, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7184
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7184
euvd windows_11_version_22h3 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8246
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.1836
euvd windows_server_2012 fix: 6.2.9200.26026
euvd windows_server_2012_r2 fix: 6.3.9600.23132
euvd windows_server_2012_r2_server_core_installation fix: 6.3.9600.23132
euvd windows_server_2012_server_core_installation fix: 6.2.9200.26026
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9060
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5020
euvd windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.25398.2274
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.32690

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 36 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) is a Windows component enabling automatic discovery and enumeration of network devices and resources. This vulnerability stems from CWE-362 (concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization), commonly known as a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition. The flaw allows multiple threads to access shared resources without proper locking mechanisms, creating a timing window where an attacker can manipulate security-critical data between validation and use. Since fdwsd.dll operates with elevated SYSTEM privileges to manage network discovery operations, winning the race condition enables privilege boundary crossing from low-privileged user context to SYSTEM. The local attack vector (AV:L) and high complexity (AC:H) indicate successful exploitation requires precise timing and potentially multiple attempts to win the race window.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.0 HIGH
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
ENISA EUVD HIGH
CIRCL (temporal) 6.1 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 14, 2026 - 17:46 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Apr 14, 2026 - 16:57 nvd
HIGH 7.0

DescriptionCVE.org

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-32093 is a local privilege escalation in Windows Function Discovery Service affecting Windows 10, Windows 11, and Server 2012-2025, allowing authenticated low-privilege users to gain SYSTEM access and achieve complete system compromise. Organizations must prioritize patching across all Windows infrastructure, as successful exploitation grants attackers unrestricted control over affected systems and downstream network resources.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. Interim mitigations pending patch deployment: restrict local interactive logon privileges via Group Policy (Deny log on locally); monitor Windows Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) process execution for anomalous behavior; disable Function Discovery service if not operationally required in your environment.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 85% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation More Likely
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +35
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: +5

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).

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