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Gstreamer CVE-2026-2921

| EUVDEUVD-2026-12115 HIGH
Integer Overflow or Wraparound (CWE-190)
2026-03-13 zdi
RCE Integer Overflow Gstreamer
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: zdi
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft malicious AVI file with oversized palette
  2. Exploit
    User opens file in GStreamer application
  3. Execution
    Integer overflow in palette parsing
  4. Impact
    Arbitrary code execution

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-190
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Integer overflow checks
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Exploitation Conditions

User interaction required — victim must open a crafted AVI file in a GStreamer-based application. Attack requires local access and user action to trigger payload execution.
Impact

The CVSS 3.0 score of 7.8 indicates high severity, but the attack vector (AV:L) and user interaction requirement (UI:R) significantly reduce real-world risk. The vulnerability requires local access and user action (opening malicious media file). Without EPSS data, KEV listing, or known public exploits, this appears to be a high-CVSS-but-moderate-real-risk issue. The exploitation would require crafting malicious AVI files and social engineering to get users to open them. From an SSVC perspective: no active exploitation observed, not easily automatable due to user interaction requirement, but technical impact is high (arbitrary code execution).
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a malicious AVI file with specially formatted palette data designed to trigger integer overflow. The victim must be convinced to open this file in an application using GStreamer (media player, video editor, etc.). Upon processing the palette data, the integer overflow occurs, leading to memory corruption and potential arbitrary code execution within the application's context. No public POC is mentioned, suggesting exploitation requires specialized knowledge of RIFF format and GStreamer internals.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 13, 2026

CVE-2026-2921 is an integer overflow vulnerability in GStreamer's RIFF palette handling for AVI files that allows remote code execution with a CVSS score of 7.8. The vulnerability affects all versions of GStreamer (based on CPE wildcard) and requires user interaction to exploit, such as opening a malicious AVI file. No evidence of active exploitation (not in KEV), no public POC mentioned, and EPSS data not provided.

RemediationAI

A patch is available through GStreamer's GitLab repository (commit e3a99c35266fc92dd6a18ac5fde028d0cda559e6). Users should update to the latest patched version of GStreamer that includes this commit. As a temporary mitigation, avoid processing untrusted AVI files or implement input validation for media files before GStreamer processing. Monitor the ZDI advisory (ZDI-26-168) for additional details.

Affected VersionsENISA

GStreamer 1c6e163aa33962f5ee4a87d29319ccdd5cb67612

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Technical ContextAI · show details

GStreamer is an open-source multimedia framework used across multiple platforms for audio/video processing. The vulnerability exists in the RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format) parser when handling palette data in AVI files. The root cause is CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound), where insufficient validation of user-supplied palette data can cause integer overflow before memory write operations. Based on the CPE string (cpe:2.3:a:gstreamer:gstreamer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), all versions of GStreamer are potentially affected until patched.

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Severity by source

Vendor (zdi) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SUSE HIGH
Red Hat 7.8 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (zdi).

CVSS VectorVendor: zdi

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

GStreamer RIFF Palette Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GStreamer. Interaction with this library is required to exploit this vulnerability but attack vectors may vary depending on the implementation.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of palette data in AVI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before writing to memory. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-28854.

Zero Day Initiative Advisories

ZDI-26-168 GStreamer RIFF Palette Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability Mar 2026

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-2921 is a high-severity vulnerability in GStreamer that could allow attackers to execute malicious code on systems processing AVI video files. This poses risk to organizations where users handle video content, particularly in media, design, and content management workflows. While no active exploitation has been observed, the lack of an available patch requires immediate mitigation planning.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

Disable AVI file support in GStreamer if not business-critical; restrict AVI file uploads via email and web portals using content-filtering rules; segment media processing systems from corporate networks; enforce user education on opening files only from trusted sources; monitor for unusual process execution from media applications; consider sandboxed video processing environments for untrusted content.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 81% exploitable
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Medium

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Integer Overflow MEDIUM

Integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation produces a result that exceeds the maximum value a given integer type can store.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Related Vulnerabilities in GStreamer Media Parsing Buffer Overflow and Integer Overflow

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CVE-2026-3082 HIGH
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CVE-2026-2920 HIGH
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CVE-2026-2922 HIGH
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CVE-2026-2923 HIGH
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CVE-2026-3083 HIGH
8.8
CVE-2026-3084 HIGH
7.8
CVE-2026-3085 HIGH
8.8
CVE-2026-3086 HIGH
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More in Gstreamer

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CVE-2016-9636 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jan 27

Heap-based buffer overflow in the flx_decode_delta_fli function in gst/flx/gstflxdec.c in the FLIC decoder in GStreamer

CVE-2016-9635 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jan 27

Heap-based buffer overflow in the flx_decode_delta_fli function in gst/flx/gstflxdec.c in the FLIC decoder in GStreamer

CVE-2016-9634 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jan 27

Heap-based buffer overflow in the flx_decode_delta_fli function in gst/flx/gstflxdec.c in the FLIC decoder in GStreamer

CVE-2016-9808 HIGH POC
7.5 Jan 13

The FLIC decoder in GStreamer before 1.10.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write an
CVE-2019-9928 HIGH
8.8 Apr 24

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in GStreamer's RTSP connection parser that allows remote attackers to

CVE-2025-47219 HIGH POC
8.1 Aug 07

A heap buffer over-read vulnerability exists in GStreamer's isomp4 plugin that allows reading past allocated memory boun
CVE-2022-1920 HIGH POC
7.8 Jul 19

An integer overflow vulnerability in the GStreamer multimedia framework's matroska demuxer allows heap memory corruption
CVE-2022-2122 HIGH POC
7.8 Jul 19

A critical integer overflow vulnerability in GStreamer's qtdemux element allows attackers to trigger denial of service o
CVE-2022-1924 HIGH POC
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A critical integer overflow vulnerability in the GStreamer multimedia framework's Matroska (MKV) demuxer can cause denia
CVE-2022-1922 HIGH POC
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An integer overflow vulnerability in GStreamer's Matroska demuxer can cause denial of service or potentially heap memory
CVE-2022-1921 HIGH POC
7.8 Jul 19

An integer overflow vulnerability in GStreamer's AVI demux element allows attackers to trigger a heap overwrite when par
CVE-2022-1925 HIGH POC
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A heap overflow vulnerability exists in GStreamer's matroskaparse element due to an integer overflow in the gst_matroska

Same weakness CWE-190 – Integer Overflow or Wraparound

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CVE-2013-2729 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2023-21716 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-3599 HIGH POC
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CVE-2017-7529 HIGH
7.5
CVE-2016-1010 HIGH
8.8

Same technique RCE

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CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: High
Product Status
SUSE Liberty Linux 10 Fixed
SUSE Liberty Linux 8 Fixed
SUSE Liberty Linux 9 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6259 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6300 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6750 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7673 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7850 ADVISORY https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/commit/e3a99c35266fc92dd6a18ac5fde028d0cda559e6 ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2921 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/?id.349620 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19024 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19180 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8854 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8857 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8862 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8874 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8876 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9446 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9447 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9487 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9488 REF https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-2921 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447496 REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/03/msg00018.html REF https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-2921.json REF https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-26-168/

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