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KUNO CMS CVE-2025-61768

MEDIUM
Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
2025-10-06 security-advisories@github.com
5.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: github
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as CMS administrator
  2. Delivery
    Upload crafted SVG via Media module
  3. Exploit
    Server parses external image reference
  4. Execution
    Server issues outbound SSRF request
  5. Impact
    Enumerate internal hosts / disclose responses

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Input validation, allowlisting
Exploitation Conditions

Requires an authenticated administrator session on the KUNO CMS admin panel (PR:H) and the ability to upload files through the Media module; the attacker must craft an SVG containing an external image/resource reference that the server dereferences. Exploitation is limited by the need for full administrative privileges, so it is primarily relevant where admin accounts may be shared, weakly protected, or compromised. Note that the vendor fix (commit 804b2909) removes the condition entirely by disallowing SVG (and WebP) uploads, so patched 1.3.15+ default configurations are not exploitable via this path.

Impact

This is a genuinely low-to-moderate priority issue, and the signals are consistent rather than conflicting. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.1 (medium) is driven down by PR:H - exploitation requires an already-authenticated administrator (per the description and the PR:H metric), which is the single biggest limiting factor. EPSS is low at 0.34% (25th percentile), aligning with the absence of a KEV listing and the lack of any identified public exploit code; there is no evidence of active or opportunistic exploitation. The impact is bounded: AV:N/AC:L make the request itself easy to issue, but the realized harm (VC:L / low confidentiality, SC:L subsequent-system confidentiality from reaching internal hosts) is limited to information disclosure and internal network probing rather than code execution or data destruction. No SSVC decision data was supplied in the input. Net: a legitimate defense-in-depth fix, but because it is gated behind full admin privileges on a niche product, it is not an urgent, widely-targeted threat - treat as routine patching rather than emergency remediation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who has already obtained administrator credentials for a KUNO CMS instance logs into the admin panel and uploads a crafted SVG file in the Media module containing an external image/resource reference. When the server processes the SVG it initiates an outbound request to the attacker-controlled or internal URL, letting the attacker probe internal services or exfiltrate response data. No public exploit code was identified in the provided intelligence.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 09, 2026

Server-side request forgery in KUNO CMS versions prior to 1.3.15 allows an authenticated administrator (CVSS vector PR:H) to force the backend to make outbound HTTP connections to arbitrary external or internal URLs by uploading a crafted SVG file through the Media module. The SVG embeds an external image/resource reference that the server dereferences during upload or rendering, enabling information disclosure and internal network probing; impact is limited to low confidentiality loss with a changed scope (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N), so it matters mainly where admin credentials are shared, weak, or already compromised. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV; EPSS is 0.34% (25th percentile), and the vendor fixed it in release 1.3.15.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade to KUNO CMS 1.3.15, which is the version that contains the fix (https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/releases/tag/v1.3.15); the upstream commit is 804b2909c65b16ae2063d0f992e0711aa09475e2 and the advisory is GHSA-4f5f-2c49-5mwm. Because 1.3.15 removes SVG and WebP from the permitted upload MIME types and strips embedded metadata by re-encoding JPEG/PNG/GIF, upgraded deployments no longer expose the SSRF path - the trade-off is that administrators lose the ability to upload SVG and WebP via the Media module (built-in system SVG icons under /public/**/*.svg are unaffected). If upgrading immediately is not possible, the most effective compensating control is to block outbound network egress from the CMS host to internal address ranges and cloud metadata endpoints (RFC1918, 127.0.0.0/8, 169.254.0.0/16 including 169.254.169.254) at the host firewall or egress proxy; this neutralizes internal network probing but can break legitimate features that fetch remote content and does not prevent DNS-based probing unless DNS resolution is also filtered. Additionally, restrict Media upload privileges to the smallest set of trusted administrator accounts and rotate credentials for shared or dormant admin logins, since exploitation requires an authenticated administrator session; this reduces exposure but does not remediate the underlying validation flaw for a determined insider or phishing-assisted attacker. Note there is no public exploit code identified at time of analysis, so prioritization can follow the low EPSS (0.34%, 25th percentile) rather than emergency patching.

Affected ProductsAI

KUNO CMS (github.com/xuemian168/kuno) versions prior to 1.3.15 are affected; the vendor notes all releases before the tagged v1.3.15 release. No CPE string was supplied in the source data, so affected instances must be identified by version string from the admin panel or deployment manifest rather than by CPE matching. Fixed in v1.3.15 (https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/releases/tag/v1.3.15), with the code change in commit 804b2909c65b16ae2063d0f992e0711aa09475e2 and the vendor advisory published as GHSA-4f5f-2c49-5mwm (https://github.com/xuemian168/kuno/security/advisories/GHSA-4f5f-2c49-5mwm). The vulnerable path specifically requires the Media upload functionality to be reachable by an administrator account; instances that have disabled file uploads or hardened the SVG handling are not exploitable through this route.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected component is the Go-based backend Media module (backend/internal/api/media.go) of KUNO CMS. The root cause falls under CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation): the upload pipeline accepted image/svg+xml and performed only blacklist-based sanitization of SVG elements, which is insufficient because SVG is an XML document type that can reference remote resources through <image href>/xlink:href, <use>, <feImage> filter primitives, CSS url() in <style> attributes, and animation elements that inject attributes at runtime. When such a file is processed, the server-side parser/renderer resolves the external reference, producing the SSRF. The fix commit 804b2909 addresses the class of problem rather than a single payload: it removes image/svg+xml and image/webp from the allowed upload MIME list, expands the dangerous-element/attribute blacklist (script, handler, foreignObject, iframe, object, embed, image, a, filter/feImage, pattern, mask, clipPath, style, metadata, use, animation events, href/xlink:href, attributeName/values/from/to/by/dur), and adds a stripImageMetadata() routine that decodes and re-encodes JPEG, PNG, and GIF to discard EXIF, tEXt/iTXt/zTXt, and comment blocks that could carry injection payloads, introducing golang.org/x/image and github.com/disintegration/imaging as dependencies. This aligns with the advisory tags for Information Disclosure and SSRF.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (github) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.1 MEDIUM

Admin-only upload drives PR:H; network-reachable endpoint with simple crafted file gives AV:N/AC:L; SSRF reaching other systems is a scope change (S:C) with only low confidentiality impact and no integrity/availability effect.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (github).

CVSS VectorVendor: github

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
Low
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

KUNO CMS is a fully deployable full-stack blog application. In versions prior to 1.3.15, an SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) vulnerability exists in the Media module of the Kuno CMS administrative panel. A logged-in administrator can upload a specially crafted SVG file containing an external image reference, causing the server to initiate an outgoing connection to an arbitrary external URL. This can lead to information disclosure or internal network probing. Version 1.3.15 contains a fix for the issue.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 75% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
obscure open-source blog CMS, minimal real-world production footprint
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Server-Side Request Forgery exploits applications that fetch remote resources based on user-supplied URLs.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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