What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-49223?

CVE-2025-49223 has a contested CVSS base score of 9.8 from a third party (e.g. CISA-ADP), while the vendor rates it Critical. vuln.today uses the vendor rating as authoritative.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-49223?

Within 24 hours: Inventory all systems and applications using billboard.js and assess which are internet-facing or process untrusted input. Within 7 days: Implement network segmentation to restrict billboard.js application access, deploy WAF rules to detect/block prototype pollution payloads, and disable the vulnerable generate() function if functionally possible. Within 30 days: Evaluate alternative libraries, plan migration strategy, and monitor for official patch release from billboard.js project.

Billboard.Js CVE-2025-49223

EUVD-2025-16802 CRITICAL

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (Prototype Pollution) (CWE-1321)

2025-06-04 cve@navercorp.com

GHSA-65p9-j6pg-72hj

RCE Denial Of Service Billboard.Js Naver Billboard Js

Critical

Disputed · 9.8 NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-1321 OWASP Top 10:2025 A03:2021 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V3 - Web Frontend Security Prototype pollution prevention MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS 9.8.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Pollute prototype for RCE.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.

Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 14, 2026

Prototype pollution in billboard.js before 3.15.1 via generate function.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 14, 2026 - 17:29 CVSS 9.8

Prototype pollution in billboard.js.

RemediationAI

Update.

Affected VersionsENISA

billboard.js patch: 3.15.1

Affected Packages

npm billboard.js fix: 3.15.1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in npm

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-1321.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Ubuntu MEDIUM

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 31, 2026 - 21:13 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Jun 04, 2025 - 03:15 nvd

CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionCVE.org

billboard.js before 3.15.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function generate, which could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-49223) in billboard.js enables remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or crash affected applications through prototype pollution attacks. Organizations using billboard.js versions before 3.15.1 face immediate risk of data breach, service disruption, or system compromise, with no vendor patch currently available.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Deploy WAF rules targeting prototype pollution patterns in billboard.js (Object.assign, constructor modifications, __proto__ manipulation). 2) Implement strict input validation and sanitization for all data passed to generate() function. 3) Apply network segmentation to limit exposure of billboard.js applications. 4) Disable the generate() function if business operations permit. 5) Run applications in sandboxed/containerized environments with minimal privileges. 6) Monitor for suspicious process execution and memory access patterns. 7) Consider temporary deprecation of billboard.js visualizations pending patch availability.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.4%

Top 40% exploitable

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

EUVD

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.4%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +49

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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Cross-site scripting (XSS) in Billboard.js versions before 3.18.0 enables remote attackers to inject and execute arbitra

Same weakness CWE-1321 – Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (Prototype Pollution)

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CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC

10.0

CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC

9.8

Vendor StatusVendor

Ubuntu

Priority: Medium

cacti

Release	Status	Version
trusty	needs-triage	-
xenial	needs-triage	-
bionic	needs-triage	-
focal	needs-triage	-
jammy	needs-triage	-
noble	needs-triage	-
upstream	needs-triage	-
oracular	ignored	end of life, was needs-triage
plucky	ignored	end of life, was needs-triage
questing	needs-triage	-

References

Advisories & patches

ADVISORY https://cve.naver.com/detail/cve-2025-49223.html ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49223

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GitHub PoC

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