CVE-2025-43227
HIGHCVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
3Tags
Description
This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.6, iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, macOS Sequoia 15.6, tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, watchOS 11.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may disclose sensitive user information.
Analysis
Information disclosure vulnerability in WebKit across Apple's ecosystem allows unauthenticated remote attackers to extract sensitive user information through maliciously crafted web content. The flaw affects Safari 18.x, iOS/iPadOS 18.x, macOS Sequoia 15.x, tvOS 18.x, visionOS 2.x, and watchOS 11.x, stemming from improper state management (CWE-359). Despite a CVSS score of 7.5, real-world exploitation risk remains relatively low with 0.13% EPSS probability and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches are available across all affected platforms.
Technical Context
This vulnerability resides in WebKit, Apple's browser engine powering Safari and all web rendering across iOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS. The root cause is classified as CWE-359 (Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor), resulting from inadequate state management during web content processing. State management flaws in browser engines typically involve improper isolation between security contexts, failure to clear sensitive data from memory between operations, or incorrect handling of cross-origin resource boundaries. WebKit's shared architecture across Apple's ecosystem means a single vulnerability affects seven distinct product lines, making this a widespread cross-platform issue. The flaw allows passive information leakage without requiring code execution, suggesting it may exploit timing channels, cache side-effects, or improper data sanitization in browser state transitions.
Affected Products
The vulnerability affects all major Apple operating systems and Safari browser prior to their respective patched versions. Specifically impacted are Safari versions before 18.6, iOS and iPadOS versions before 18.6, macOS Sequoia versions before 15.6, tvOS versions before 18.6, visionOS versions before 2.6, and watchOS versions before 11.6. The CPE identifiers confirm broad platform coverage including Apple Safari browser (cpe:2.3:a:apple:safari), iPhone OS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os), iPadOS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados), macOS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos), tvOS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos), visionOS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos), and watchOS (cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos). The unified WebKit engine across these platforms means all Apple devices capable of rendering web content are potentially vulnerable. Detailed version-specific information and security content details are available in Apple's security advisories at support.apple.com references 124147, 124149, 124152, 124153, 124154, and 124155.
Remediation
Apply the vendor-released patches immediately through standard Apple update mechanisms. For macOS users, upgrade to macOS Sequoia 15.6 via System Settings > General > Software Update (advisory https://support.apple.com/en-us/124147). iOS and iPadOS users should update to version 18.6 through Settings > General > Software Update (advisories https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149 and https://support.apple.com/en-us/124152). Safari users on supported macOS versions should update to Safari 18.6 (advisory https://support.apple.com/en-us/124153). Additional platform updates include tvOS 18.6 (advisory https://support.apple.com/en-us/124154), visionOS 2.6 (advisory https://support.apple.com/en-us/124155), and watchOS 11.6. Organizations managing Apple devices through MDM should push these updates centrally. As an interim mitigation where immediate patching is not feasible, restrict web browsing to trusted content sources and consider implementing network-level content filtering, though these measures provide limited protection against a client-side information disclosure vulnerability. No effective workaround exists that maintains full browser functionality while eliminating risk.
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