What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21502?

CVE-2025-21502 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 4.8 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.2%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-21502?

During next maintenance window: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches when convenient. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

Java CVE-2025-21502

MEDIUM

Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863)

2025-01-21 secalert_us@oracle.com

Authentication Bypass Java Debian Oracle Red Hat Active Iq Unified Manager Bootstrap Os Debian Linux Graalvm Graalvm For Jdk Jdk Jre Oncommand Insight Oncommand Workflow Automation Suse Brocade San Navigator Data Infrastructure Insights Storage Workload Security Agent Bootstrap Netapp

4.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-863 OWASP Top 10:2025 A01:2025 - Broken Access Control ASVS 5.0 V8 - Authorization Authorization logic validation MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 4.8 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.20%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Hotspot). Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Review and test authorization logic, implement consistent access control checks, use centralized authorization framework.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863), which allows attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources. Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Hotspot). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u431-perf, 11.0.25, 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.16 and 21.3.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N). Affected products include: Oracle Graalvm, Oracle Graalvm For Jdk, Oracle Jdk, Oracle Jre, Debian Debian Linux.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 4.8 MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SUSE MEDIUM

Red Hat 4.8 MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

High

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Apr 05, 2026 - 08:30 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Jan 21, 2025 - 21:15 nvd

MEDIUM 4.8

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Hotspot). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u431-perf, 11.0.25, 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.13, 21.0.5, 23.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.16 and 21.3.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-21502 presents moderate security risk, a incorrect authorization vulnerability rated CVSS 4.8. Attackers could gain access beyond their authorized level. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.2%

Top 58% exploitable

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.2%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +24

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:20.3.16:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:21.3.12:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm_for_jdk:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:1.8.0:update431:*:*:enterprise_performance_pack:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:11.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jdk:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:1.8.0:update431:*:*:enterprise_performance_pack:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:11.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:17.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:21.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:jre:23.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:-:*:*:*:*:vmware_vsphere:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_unified_manager:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:netapp:brocade_san_navigator:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:netapp:data_infrastructure_insights_storage_workload_security_agent:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium

Product	Status
Container bci/openjdk:17.0.15.0-7.6 Container containers/apache-tomcat:10.1.34-openjdk17-62.13 Container containers/apache-tomcat:9.0.98-openjdk17-62.13 Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server:5.0.3.7.16.1 Container suse/multi-linux-manager/5.1/x86_64/server:5.1.0.6.40 Image server-image	Affected
Container containers/apache-tomcat:10.1.34-openjdk11-62.13 Container containers/apache-tomcat:9.0.98-openjdk11-62.13 Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-GCE	Affected
Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server-attestation:5.0.3.6.11.3	Affected
Container suse/multi-linux-manager/5.1/x86_64/server-attestation:5.1.1.8.9.2 Image server-attestation-image	Affected
Image SLES15-SP3-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP3-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production	Affected

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