Jwt Attack
CVE-2023-25574
CRITICAL
GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Signature verification
|
| Impact | CVSS score of 10.0 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.23%. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the critical-severity affected system. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026
jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
RemediationAI
A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in pypi
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability is classified under CWE-347. jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class LTI13Authenticator are affected. jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator version 1.4.0 removes LTI13Authenticator to address the issue. No known workarounds are available. Affected products include: Jupyter Lti Jupyterhub Authenticator. Version information: version 1.4.0.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionGitHub Advisory
jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class LTI13Authenticator are affected. jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator version 1.4.0 removes LTI13Authenticator to address the issue. No known workarounds are available.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2023-25574 presents critical security risk, a signature bypass vulnerability rated CVSS 10.0. Successful exploitation could critically impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.
Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory
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