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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-416
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 7.8 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker with access to the system could access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Use smart pointers or garbage-collected languages. Set pointers to NULL after freeing. Enable memory sanitizers.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Use After Free (CWE-416), which allows attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application. Affected products include: Microsoft Windows 10 1607, Microsoft Windows 10 1809, Microsoft Windows 10 20H2, Microsoft Windows 10 21H2, Microsoft Windows 10 22H2.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.7%
Top 50% exploitable
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.7%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Use After Free HIGH

Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.

Memory Corruption HIGH

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x86:*
+ 11 more

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Same weakness CWE-416 – Use After Free

View all
CVE-2019-0708 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2014-0322 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-4792 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2009-4324 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2015-0313 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2013-2551 HIGH POC
8.8

Same technique Information Disclosure

View all
CVE-2019-2725 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2021-34523 CRITICAL POC
9.0
CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2017-5638 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-68613 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC
7.8

References

Advisories & patches
REF https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21774

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