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Java CVE-2016-1182

HIGH
Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
2016-07-04 vultures@jpcert.or.jp
XSS Denial Of Service Apache Java Struts
8.2
CVSS 3.0 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-20
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Input validation, allowlisting
Impact

CVSS score of 8.2 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.80%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 1.8% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

ActionServlet.java in Apache Struts 1 1.x through 1.3.10 does not properly restrict the Validator configuration, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks or cause a. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

maven org.apache.struts:struts-core no fix
maven struts:struts no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 2 packages in maven

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-20. ActionServlet.java in Apache Struts 1 1.x through 1.3.10 does not properly restrict the Validator configuration, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks or cause a denial of service via crafted input, a related issue to CVE-2015-0899. Affected products include: Apache Struts. Version information: through 1.3.10.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.2 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

ActionServlet.java in Apache Struts 1 1.x through 1.3.10 does not properly restrict the Validator configuration, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks or cause a denial of service via crafted input, a related issue to CVE-2015-0899.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.8%
Top 17% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.8%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

43
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +41
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Cross-Site Scripting MEDIUM

Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:b1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:b2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:b3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:1.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 8 more

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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2018-3236628.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2017-3236626.html PATCH http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2018-4428296.html PATCH https://github.com/kawasima/struts1-forever/commit/eda3a79907ed8fcb0387a0496d0cb14332f250e8 PATCH https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html ADVISORY http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN65044642/index.html ADVISORY http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000097 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/112017 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/125379 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/125438 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/125440 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/88602 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/95678 REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91067 REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 REF http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036056 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1343540 REF https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-1182 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0006/ REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2020.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html REF https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2019-5072813.html REF https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html

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