Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessCraft malicious EXL3 model checkpoint
-
DeliveryVictim loads model in ExLlamaV3
-
ExploitUntrusted K/cbi index skips bounds check
-
ExecutionDispatch out-of-range kernel function pointer
-
ImpactProcess crash or controlled kernel dispatch
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Input validation, allowlisting
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the victim to load an attacker-controlled EXL3-format model file in ExLlamaV3's EXL3 loader; the trigger is the model-supplied trellis dimension that yields K and the kernel index cbi, which before the fix were used to index reconstruct_kernel_instances / reconstruct_had_kernel_instances without bounds checking during reconstruct_slice / reconstruct_had_slice at model-load time. Limiting factors: the attacker must get the target to load an untrusted/malicious checkpoint (no exploitation against a benign, trusted model), the reliably achievable outcome is a denial-of-service crash, and the step beyond that - controlled indirect kernel dispatch - is explicitly gated on 'certain host memory layouts,' making arbitrary code execution non-deterministic and non-default. |
| Impact | The input CVSS of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) overstates real-world risk and conflicts with the actual exploitation model described. The vulnerability is triggered only when ExLlamaV3 loads an attacker-supplied EXL3 model checkpoint - the malicious index (cbi, derived from trellis.shape[-1]//16 in the untrusted file) selects an out-of-bounds CUDA kernel function pointer. This is file-processing of attacker-controlled input, not a network-facing service, so the AV:N/PR:N/UI:N framing is questionable: in practice a victim must obtain and load a hostile model, which argues for a local vector with required user interaction - verify intent with CERT/CC (VU#369611). The description and the reporter's 'Denial Of Service' tag agree that the reliable, reproducible outcome is a crash; code execution ('controlled indirect kernel dispatch') is explicitly conditional ('under specific conditions involving certain host memory layouts, it may be possible'), i.e. not demonstrated. EPSS is low at 0.20% (10th percentile), there is no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit, consistent with a theoretical/DoS-weighted issue rather than mass exploitation. The true priority driver is supply-chain context (untrusted models from hubs like Hugging Face are common in the local-LLM ecosystem), not a wormable network flaw. Net: a legitimate memory-safety bug warranting patching, but the 9.8 should be treated as inflated relative to the confirmed DoS impact. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker publishes a trojanized EXL3-format model to a public model hub; a developer or inference service downloads and loads it with ExLlamaV3. During model load the loader reads the attacker-controlled K/cbi index and dispatches an out-of-range kernel function pointer, reliably crashing the process and, under specific host memory layouts, potentially achieving controlled kernel dispatch. No public exploit code exists, and code execution beyond the crash is described as conditional rather than demonstrated. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 19, 2026
Loading an untrusted EXL3-format checkpoint in ExLlamaV3 can drive an out-of-range CUDA kernel function-pointer read and invocation, reliably crashing the process (denial of service) during model load. The EXL3 loader derives K from the model-supplied trellis.shape[-1] // 16 and computes kernel index cbi from it, then indexes 24-entry reconstruct_kernel_instances/reconstruct_had_kernel_instances tables without bounds checks in reconstruct_slice and reconstruct_had_slice; the authoritative assessment rates exploitation as local, high-complexity, user-interaction-required (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R) with high availability impact, and controlled indirect kernel dispatch beyond the crash only under specific host memory layouts. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low (0.20%, 10th percentile), and upstream fix PR #310 adds TORCH_CHECK bounds.
RemediationAI
Upstream fix available (PR/commit https://github.com/turboderp-org/exllamav3/pull/310); a released patched version is not independently confirmed, so upgrade to a build that contains PR #310 and verify it includes the added TORCH_CHECK guards that require K in 1..8 and cbi < reconstruct_kernel_instances.size() / reconstruct_had_kernel_instances.size(). Until then, the primary control is provenance: load only EXL3 checkpoints from trusted sources and verify hashes/signatures, because exploitation requires the victim to load an attacker-controlled model and no network-facing mitigation exists for this local trigger. Sandboxing model loading (container without host GPU memory access or privilege) limits the availability impact but may not prevent the crash; avoid loading unvetted EXL3 models in production inference services. See https://github.com/turboderp-org/exllamav3/pull/310, https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/369611, and https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84286.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affects your stack
Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
ExLlamaV3 is a PyTorch/CUDA inference library for quantized LLMs; its EXL3 loader reaches a CUDA extension under exllamav3/exllamav3_ext/quant/reconstruct.cu. The vulnerable code builds kernel-instance dispatch tables with 24 entries - K in 1..8 crossed with {plain, mcg, mul1} - and computes both K (trellis.shape[-1] // 16) and cbi from checkpoint metadata. Because that metadata is untrusted and CWE-20 improper input validation left K and cbi unchecked, a malicious model can make reconstruct_slice/reconstruct_had_slice index outside the function-pointer table and launch whatever pointer lies there. The practical result is a reproducible crash; controlled indirect kernel dispatch is gated on particular host memory layouts. The supplied 9.8 network vector conflicts with the authoritative AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R assessment, which reflects the need to load an attacker-controlled model locally. No CPE strings were provided; EUVD lists ExLlamaV3 3 as affected.
Know when the next one hits your stack
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Requires loading an attacker-supplied model file (AV:L/UI:R); reliable impact is a crash (A:H), while code execution is layout-dependent (AC:H), so C/I only Low.
Primary rating from Vendor (cert).
CVSS VectorVendor: cert
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
ExLlamaV3’s EXL3 loader uses an untrusted, model-supplied index to select a CUDA kernel without first verifying that the index is within bounds. A malicious model can force the code to read and invoke an out‑of‑range function pointer, resulting in a reproducible crash. Under specific conditions involving certain host memory layouts, it may be possible for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability to achieve controlled indirect kernel dispatch during model load.
Executive ViewAI
ExLlamaV3, an open-source library used to run large language models on GPU infrastructure, can be made to crash during model load by a maliciously crafted EXL3 checkpoint, with a memory-layout-dependent possibility of redirecting GPU kernel dispatch. Real exposure is narrow: the flaw requires local access, high attack complexity, and a user deliberately loading an untrusted model file, and no public exploit code has been identified. Leadership should care because risk concentrates in teams that pull third-party model artifacts onto shared GPU hosts, where an unvetted checkpoint is currently an unguarded path into production inference infrastructure - though the headline severity rating overstates the immediate threat.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; interim mitigations are to load only hash-verified, internally sourced EXL3 checkpoints, run model loads in isolated least-privileged containers with restart supervision, restrict GPU host access to authorized users, and backport the TORCH_CHECK bounds validation from upstream PR #310 into an internally built ExLlamaV3 fork.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
EUVD-2026-97575
GHSA-mw4q-pwhm-35f7
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB