Skip to main content

Linux Kernel EUVDEUVD-2026-87061

| CVE-2026-98161 MEDIUM
Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (CWE-754)
2026-09-25 Linux GHSA-rj67-jfhc-gr45
5.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Local low-privileged access to pmem device
  2. Exploit
    Issue flush/FUA writes during preflush failure
  3. Execution
    Failed ordering barrier masked, bio completes
  4. Impact
    Silent data durability/integrity loss on persistent memory

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Unusual condition handling
Exploitation Conditions

Requires a Linux system with NVDIMM/persistent-memory storage served by the nvdimm pmem driver, and the vulnerable path is only reached when a REQ_PREFLUSH flush genuinely fails at the device; normal operation with healthy flushes is unaffected. The attacker/process needs local, low-privileged ability to submit block I/O to the pmem device (PR:L, AV:L) and no user interaction is required. Strong limiting factors: not network-reachable, confined to the uncommon pmem subsystem, and dependent on an actual flush error condition that is not directly attacker-controlled - making reliable deliberate exploitation unlikely and the practical impact centered on silent data-durability loss rather than classic compromise.

Impact

This is a low-to-moderate priority correctness bug, not an urgent threat. The input CVSS of 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) reflects a local, low-privilege issue with no confidentiality or integrity impact and only availability impact, which is already modest. All exploitation signals point the same low-risk direction and do not conflict: EPSS is 0.15% (4th percentile), the CVE is NOT on CISA KEV, and no public exploit code is referenced - so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' CWE-754 (improper check of unusual conditions) confirms this is an error-handling defect that only manifests when a REQ_PREFLUSH flush actually fails - an event outside attacker control and tied to NVDIMM/persistent-memory hardware. One notable mismatch worth flagging: the input marks CVSS AC:L, but the bug only triggers when a preflush error genuinely occurs, which is an uncommon, non-attacker-controlled condition more consistent with higher attack complexity - verify against the kernel commit. Net assessment: a real data-durability correctness fix for systems using pmem, but a very low real-world weaponization risk and not a patch-tonight priority for most fleets.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

On a system using NVDIMM persistent memory via the pmem driver, a local low-privileged process issues writes with flush/FUA semantics while the underlying device's REQ_PREFLUSH flush fails. Under the flawed ordering, data writes proceed after the failed preflush and the bio can complete successfully, so the application believes prior data was durably ordered when it was not, risking silent data loss or corruption after a crash or power loss. No public proof-of-concept exists, and triggering requires the preflush to actually fail rather than any attacker-supplied payload.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 02, 2026

Silent data-durability loss in the Linux kernel's nvdimm pmem driver occurs when a failed REQ_PREFLUSH barrier is not propagated synchronously, allowing data writes to proceed and a later successful REQ_FUA flush to overwrite the recorded error so the bio completes as if the ordering barrier succeeded. This affects Linux kernels with NVDIMM/PMEM persistent-memory support prior to fixed versions 6.18.52 and 7.2.6; the flaw requires local, low-privileged block I/O submission to a pmem device and only manifests when a real preflush error occurs, yielding silent integrity/durability loss rather than a directly attacker-controllable compromise. No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation is identified (EPSS 0.15%, 4th percentile).

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: update to Linux 6.18.52, 7.2.6, or mainline 7.3-rc1; the specific upstream fixes are commits 770a90c2127220f0fc194ce909ad4f0842e141cb, 72561ca1ab96f0f0f32737a6171641e05a318538, and c644a2f8fef5618fcf453c591177700fd07dd024, available via https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/770a90c2127220f0fc194ce909ad4f0842e141cb and the other git.kernel.org links, with tracking at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98161. Because the vulnerable path is only reached when a genuine REQ_PREFLUSH error occurs on a pmem device, there is no toggle or configuration that fully compensates; interim options are to avoid using NVDIMM/PMEM block devices for workloads that depend on strict preflush write-ordering durability, or to ensure the underlying flush hardware and firmware are healthy so the error condition does not arise - both reduce exposure but do not fix the kernel defect. The patch is low-risk to apply, and closed-source or vendor kernels should be updated as their maintainers backport the fix.

Affected VersionsENISA

Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <770a90c2127220f0fc194ce909ad4f0842e141cb
Linux 0 <6.18.52
Linux patch: 7.2.6
Linux 0 <7.2.6
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <72561ca1ab96f0f0f32737a6171641e05a318538
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <c644a2f8fef5618fcf453c591177700fd07dd024
Linux patch: 7.3-rc1
Linux patch: 6.18.52

Affected Packages

euvd linux fix: 6.18.52, 7.2.6

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The issue lives in the block-layer path of the Linux nvdimm pmem driver, specifically pmem_submit_bio(). Linux bio submission uses REQ_PREFLUSH and REQ_FUA flags to enforce write ordering and durability: a preflush must complete successfully before data is written, while FUA lets the write itself be flushed. The bug is an improper check for unusual/exceptional conditions (CWE-754): when the preflush fails, the driver records the error but continues copying the bio data, and a subsequent successful REQ_FUA flush can overwrite that error, letting the bio complete as if the barrier succeeded. The fix makes the REQ_PREFLUSH synchronous before any data copy and completes the bio with the flush error on failure; asynchronous flush chaining is retained only for REQ_FUA, where the data copy has already completed. Affected CPE entries are cpe:2.3:a:linux:linux:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* (two matching entries), and the bug dates back to the initial git import commit 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2, with fixes landing as 770a90c2127220f0fc194ce909ad4f0842e141cb, 72561ca1ab96f0f0f32737a6171641e05a318538, and c644a2f8fef5618fcf453c591177700fd07dd024.

Know when the next one hits your stack

  • Watch products and get an email when something new is published
  • Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
vuln.today AI 4.7 MEDIUM

Local pmem I/O gives AV:L/PR:L; it only triggers on an uncommon preflush failure so AC:H; harm is silent loss of write-ordering durability, so I:H with C:N/A:N.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 5.5 MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

4
CVSS changed
Oct 02, 2026 - 20:52 NVD
5.5 (MEDIUM)
Patch available
Sep 25, 2026 - 14:18 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 25, 2026 - 13:06 nvd
MEDIUM 5.5
CVE Published
Sep 25, 2026 - 13:06 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nvdimm: pmem: keep PREFLUSH before data writes

pmem_submit_bio() records a REQ_PREFLUSH error, but continues to copy the bio data and can later overwrite the error with a successful REQ_FUA flush. That lets data writes run after a failed preflush and can complete the bio successfully despite the failed ordering barrier.

Run the REQ_PREFLUSH flush synchronously before touching the bio data and complete the bio with the flush error if it fails. Keep asynchronous flush chaining for REQ_FUA. At that point, data copy has completed and the parent bio can wait for the chained flush bio.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 96% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
Linux is ubiquitous but the nvdimm/pmem persistent-memory driver is niche hardware
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 Affected

This site uses cookies essential for authentication and security. No tracking or analytics cookies are used. Privacy Policy