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Online Reviewer Management System EUVDEUVD-2026-84996

| CVE-2026-95926 MEDIUM
SQL Injection (CWE-89)
2026-09-23 VulDB GHSA-5mxv-35x8-65gq
5.5
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach admin btn_functions.php endpoint
  2. Exploit
    Inject SQL via test_id in action=update
  3. Execution
    Manipulate backend query
  4. Impact
    Read or alter database records

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires network access to the SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 admin endpoint /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php with action=update, supplying a malicious test_id parameter. The '/admins/' path segment indicates this is administrative functionality, so exploitation most likely requires an authenticated admin session despite the vendor's PR:N rating - defenders should treat authentication and reachability of the admin area as the primary limiting factors. No user interaction is required, and the flaw affects the single known version (1.0) with no patched release available.

Impact

This is a CWE-89 SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 via the test_id parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update. The vendor (VulDB) CVSS 4.0 vector AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L (6.9, Medium) with E:P indicates a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw with a proof-of-concept. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub issue by huliangjia). There is no EPSS score and no CISA KEV listing in the provided data, so there is no evidence of widespread or active exploitation - the signals point to a POC-only, low-real-world-priority issue typical of obscure PHP CMS submissions. Two data conflicts should be verified: (1) the endpoint path segment '/admins/' strongly implies an administrative, authenticated context, yet the vector claims PR:N (unauthenticated) - verify whether the admin panel requires login; and (2) VulDB rates all three impacts as Low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L), but classic SQL injection typically enables full database read/write, so real confidentiality impact may be understated. Overall real-world risk is low: the affected product is a niche, non-enterprise application with negligible deployment footprint.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker reaches the pretest assessment admin endpoint and submits a crafted test_id value to the action=update handler, injecting SQL that the application concatenates into a query. A publicly disclosed proof-of-concept exists, so exploitation is straightforward and, given AC:L, requires no special timing or conditions. Depending on the actual authentication model, this yields unauthorized read or modification of the backend database.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets an attacker who can reach the administrative assessment endpoint inject arbitrary SQL through the test_id parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update, exposing and potentially altering stored review and assessment data. Publicly available exploit code exists (a proof-of-concept is published in the GitHub issue referenced by VulDB), and the vendor has not shipped a fixed version. Because the vulnerable path sits under /admins/, exploitation in practice most likely requires a valid administrative session, making reachability of the admin area and credential strength the primary limiting factors; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 treats it as PR:N, our own assessment rates it CVSS:3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N with high confidentiality and low integrity impact.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis: SourceCodester has published no fixed version of Online Reviewer Management System and the CPE record wildcards the version, so upgrading is not currently a viable option and compensating controls must carry the risk. Highest-value mitigations, in order: (1) restrict network access to the entire /reviewer_0/admins/ path - bind the administrative area to localhost or an internal management VLAN, or front it with an IP allowlist / client-certificate check at the reverse proxy, which removes remote exploitation but complicates legitimate admin access from other networks; (2) if the pretest assessment update feature is not needed, remove or rename /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php or block the action=update route, accepting functional loss of that assessment-editing capability; (3) if the code can be modified locally, patch the handler to cast test_id to an integer and replace string-concatenated SQL with parameterized PDO/mysqli prepared statements, and audit sibling scripts under assessments/ for the same pattern since only this one file was reported; (4) deploy WAF or reverse-proxy rules that reject SQL metacharacters and UNION/SLEEP/benchmark-style payloads on the test_id parameter of btn_functions.php, understanding that signature evasion is possible and this is defense in depth only; (5) enforce strong unique credentials and session hardening on the admin account, since the /admins/ path implies authenticated exploitation is the realistic attack path, and log/monitor queries against the assessments tables for anomalous UNION or time-delay patterns. No released fix version should be assumed - verify directly with the vendor at https://www.sourcecodester.com/ before claiming remediation, and consult https://vuldb.com/vuln/408548 and the PoC at https://github.com/huliangjia/cve/issues/7 for reproduction details to validate any interim control.

Affected VersionsENISA

Online Reviewer Management System 1.0

Affected Packages

euvd online_reviewer_management_system no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The target is a PHP-based web application (SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System, tagged PHP and SQLi) whose pretest assessment handler at /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php dispatches on an action parameter; when action=update the application takes the test_id argument and builds a database query with it, falling into the classic CWE-89 improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (SQL injection) root-cause class. The flaw is a code-level input-handling defect in a procedural PHP script rather than a framework or library issue, so no dependency upgrade path exists - the fix must come from the vendor rewriting the query to use parameterized statements or strictly validating test_id as an integer. The single CPE record supplied, cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_reviewer_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, uses a wildcard version, meaning the CPE does not enumerate a fixed release and only the reported build, version 1.0, is known to be affected. No authentication or privilege requirement can be confirmed from the CVSS 4.0 vector itself (it asserts AT:N/PR:N, which is why the raw score is 6.9), but the /admins/ path segment and the assessed CVSS 3.1 vector (PR:L) indicate the parameter is only reachable inside authenticated administrative functionality, so the unauthenticated rating in the vendor vector should be treated as optimistic.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
vuln.today AI 7.1 HIGH

Endpoint sits under /admins/ implying an authenticated admin context (PR:L); SQL injection primarily enables database read (C:H) with limited write via the update action (I:L).

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
CVSS changed
Sep 23, 2026 - 02:22 NVD
6.9 (MEDIUM) 5.5 (MEDIUM)
CVE Published
Sep 23, 2026 - 01:15 cve.org
MEDIUM 6.9

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update. This manipulation of the argument test_id causes sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 63% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
SourceCodester hobby/student PHP project, no enterprise deployment footprint
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
8 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment CIRCL GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

Related Vulnerabilities in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System SQLi/Injection Flaws

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