Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach btn_functions.php remove endpoint
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ExploitInject SQL via ID parameter
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ExecutionManipulate backend query
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ImpactDump or alter database records
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires reaching /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/subject/btn_functions.php with action=remove and a manipulable ID parameter on a SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 install. The vulnerable file resides under the administrative /admins/ path, which normally implies an authenticated admin session; however the vendor rates PR:N, so exploitation may be possible without authentication if the admin area lacks access control (common in SourceCodester apps) - this is the key limiting factor to verify. No user interaction is needed and the attack is remote. A public POC lowers the skill barrier. |
| Impact | This is a classic low-real-priority SQL injection despite a mid-range CVSS. The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (6.9, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L, E:P) claims unauthenticated network exploitation, and a public POC exists (GitHub orzl1/cve issue #2), so exploitability is real. However, two signals temper the priority: (1) prevalence is very low - SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System is a hobbyist PHP tutorial project with negligible production footprint, and (2) the E:P (proof-of-concept) exploit-maturity, absence of EPSS/KEV data, and VulDB-only sourcing indicate this is a scanner/CVE-mill disclosure rather than a targeted campaign. There is a data conflict on privileges: the vulnerable file lives under /reviewer_0/admins/ (an administrative path implying authentication), yet the vendor rates PR:N - verify auth requirement with the vendor, as SourceCodester admin panels frequently ship with broken/absent access control. I also dispute the impact rating: a raw SQL injection into a DELETE action typically yields full database read/write, so VC:L understates it (I assess VC:H/VI:H). Net: publicly exploitable and technically real, but low operational urgency given the obscure, tiny-footprint product. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote attacker sends a crafted request to /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/subject/btn_functions.php?action=remove with a malicious ID parameter, injecting SQL into the delete query. Because a public POC already exists, an attacker can copy it to dump credentials/assessment data or tamper with records with minimal effort. If the admin endpoint is genuinely reachable without authentication (as the vendor's PR:N implies), this is a direct unauthenticated database compromise; if not, it requires an authenticated admin session. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 20, 2026
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to manipulate the ID parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/subject/btn_functions.php?action=remove and execute attacker-controlled SQL against the application's backend database, potentially exposing or altering stored records. Publicly available exploit code exists (a public proof-of-concept referenced from VulDB and a public GitHub issue), which lowers the skill barrier, but there is no confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV) status and no EPSS estimate was supplied. Impact is bounded rather than catastrophic: the vendor vector rates confidentiality, integrity and availability impact as low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L, E:P), and our independent assessment scores it CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L - a classic low-real-priority SQL injection for a niche PHP project despite a mid-range base score, with the main open question being whether the administrative script is actually reachable without a valid admin session.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis; the only references are the VulDB advisory, the CVE record and a public exploit write-up, and SourceCodester sample projects are frequently left unmaintained, so assume the code remains vulnerable unless the vendor publishes a fixed build via https://www.sourcecodester.com/. The definitive code-level fix is to replace string-concatenated SQL in btn_functions.php (and sibling handlers) with parameterized queries or prepared statements and to cast/validate the ID argument as an integer, rejecting any non-numeric input. Until such a fix is available, apply specific compensating controls: first, harden access control on the entire /reviewer_0/admins/ path so that it requires a valid authenticated administrator session and cannot be reached unauthenticated - note this is also the exact precondition that determines whether the advertised PR:N vector is real, so verify it; second, if the assessment-removal feature is not business-critical, disable or remove the action=remove branch of the handler, accepting the loss of that functionality; third, place the application behind a reverse proxy or WAF with rules that reject SQL metacharacters in the ID and action parameters on that endpoint, understanding that signature-based filtering can be bypassed with encoding tricks; and fourth, restrict network reachability of the installer/admin interface to trusted management networks only. Given that public exploit code exists, prioritize at minimum the access-control verification and the WAF/reachability restrictions, even though the practical impact of this SQL injection is limited to the application's own data store.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is a PHP-based web application (CPE cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_reviewer_management_system, wildcard versions, tagged PHP/SQLi/Online Reviewer Management System). The vulnerable endpoint, /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/subject/btn_functions.php, dispatches on an 'action' query parameter; when action=remove is supplied, the value of the 'ID' argument is used to build a database query. Under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), the absence of parameterization or input validation means an attacker can break out of the intended statement and inject arbitrary SQL - the classic construction of string-concatenated SQL in legacy PHP code that talks to a MySQL-style backend. Because the vulnerable file lives under the /admins/ directory tree, the intended access model is an authenticated administrator session, yet the vendor's CVSS 4.0 vector declares PR:N (no privileges required), implying either a missing access-control check on the script or direct file invocation, which is a common weakness in SourceCodester sample applications. The attack is fully remote over HTTP with no user interaction required, and the presence of a public proof-of-concept means exploitation does not require advanced tooling, only a crafted request to the endpoint.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SQLi yields full DB read/write so C:H/I:H (A:L via record deletion); PR:L because the endpoint sits under an admin path despite the vendor's disputed PR:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/subject/btn_functions.php?action=remove. Performing a manipulation of the argument ID results in sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. Rated cri
An issue was discovered in Online Reviewer Management System v1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows attackers to manipulate the test_id paramet
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets an attacker who can reach the administrative
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to alter SQL queries throu
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows a remote attacker, likely with a valid admi
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows an attacker to manipulate the SQL statement
SQL injection in the test_id parameter of exam-delete.php in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets unauthenticated remote attackers execute arbi
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers manipulate the Title argumen
EUVD-2026-83715
GHSA-573h-437c-fq9j
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB